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Postulated Adverse Outcome Pathway of TiO2 after ingestion and related to inflammation and carcinogenicity, adapted and extended from Braakhuis et al. [3]. Abbreviation: ROS, reactive oxygen species; PAMPs, Pathogen-Associated-Molecular-Patterns; LPS, Lipopolysaccharides; IBD, Inflammatory Bowel Disease; NLRP3, NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3, TLR, Toll-like receptor.
