| TiO2 | Titanium dioxide |
| BuRO | Dutch Office for Risk Assessment and Research |
| AOP | Adverse Outcome Pathway |
| EU | European Union |
| IARC | International Agency for Research and Cancer |
| RAC | Risk Assessment Committee |
| ECHA | European Chemical Agency |
| CLP | Classification, Labelling and Packaging |
| ROS | Reactive Oxygen Species |
| EFSA | European Food Safety Authority |
| ANSES | French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health |
| NVWA | Netherlands Food and Consumer Products Safety Authority |
| TEM | Transmission Electron Microscopy |
| Sp-ICP-MS | Single Particle Inductively Couple Plasma Mass Spectrometry |
| LPS | Lipopolysaccharides |
| NF-kB | Nuclear Factor Kappa Light-Chain-Enhancer of activated B-cell |
| IRF-3 | Interferon Regulatory-Factor 3 |
| Bw | Body weight |
| TJ | Tight junction |
| PBPK | Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetics |
| TEM-EDX | Transmission Electron Microscopy -Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis |
| IFN-γ | Interferon-gamma |
| TNF-⍺ | Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha |
| ALP | Alkaline Phosphatase |
| ALT | Alanine Aminotransferase |
| ASP | Aspartate Aminotransferase |
| GSH | Glutathione |
| GSSG | Glutathione Disulfide |
| GPx | Glutathione Peroxidase |
| SOD | Superoxid Dismutase |
| CAT | Catalase |
| IL | Interleukin |
| CYP450 | Cytochrome P450 |
| COX-2 | Cyclooxygenase-2 |
| Ki67 | Antigen Ki67 |
| Th-1 | T-helper-1 |
| P65 | Transcription factor p65 |
| MAPK | Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase |
| GPCR | G-Protein Coupled Receptor |
| ER | Endoplasmic Reticulum |
| I.V. | Intravenous |
| I.P. | Intraperitoneal |
| IBD | Inflammatory Bowel Disease |
| CRC | Colorectal Cancer |
| BBB | Brain-Blood-Barrier |
| NO | Nitric Oxide |
| GT | Glutamyltransferase |
| StAR | Steroidogenic Regulatory Protein |
| BCL-2 | B-cell Lymphoma-2 |
| MAD | Malondialdehyde |
| PSA | Prostate-Specific Antigen |
| OECD | Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development |
| GR | Glutathione Reductase |
| LC-3 | 1A/1B-Light-Chain-3 |
| ERK | Extracellular Signaling Regulated Kinase |
| BAX | Bcl-2-Associated X protein |
| Apaf-1 | Apoptotic Peptidase Activating Factor 1 |
| Nrf2 | Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-related Factor 2 |
| IE | Initiating Event |
| KE | Key Event |
| PAMP | Pathogen-Associated-Molecular-Pattern |
| ATP | Adenosine Triphosphate |
| KEGG | Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes |
| EGFR | Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor |
| Cdk2 | Cyclin Dependent Kinase 2 |
| TfEB | Transcriptional Factor EB |
| GLP | Good Laboratory Practice |
| T/SEM | Transmission/Scanning Electron Microscopy |
| DLS | Dynamic Light Scattering |
| NTA | Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis |
| FCS | Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy |