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. 2020 Dec 28;22(1):207. doi: 10.3390/ijms22010207
TiO2 Titanium dioxide
BuRO Dutch Office for Risk Assessment and Research
AOP Adverse Outcome Pathway
EU European Union
IARC International Agency for Research and Cancer
RAC Risk Assessment Committee
ECHA European Chemical Agency
CLP Classification, Labelling and Packaging
ROS Reactive Oxygen Species
EFSA European Food Safety Authority
ANSES French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health
NVWA Netherlands Food and Consumer Products Safety Authority
TEM Transmission Electron Microscopy
Sp-ICP-MS Single Particle Inductively Couple Plasma Mass Spectrometry
LPS Lipopolysaccharides
NF-kB Nuclear Factor Kappa Light-Chain-Enhancer of activated B-cell
IRF-3 Interferon Regulatory-Factor 3
Bw Body weight
TJ Tight junction
PBPK Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetics
TEM-EDX Transmission Electron Microscopy -Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis
IFN-γ Interferon-gamma
TNF-⍺ Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha
ALP Alkaline Phosphatase
ALT Alanine Aminotransferase
ASP Aspartate Aminotransferase
GSH Glutathione
GSSG Glutathione Disulfide
GPx Glutathione Peroxidase
SOD Superoxid Dismutase
CAT Catalase
IL Interleukin
CYP450 Cytochrome P450
COX-2 Cyclooxygenase-2
Ki67 Antigen Ki67
Th-1 T-helper-1
P65 Transcription factor p65
MAPK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase
GPCR G-Protein Coupled Receptor
ER Endoplasmic Reticulum
I.V. Intravenous
I.P. Intraperitoneal
IBD Inflammatory Bowel Disease
CRC Colorectal Cancer
BBB Brain-Blood-Barrier
NO Nitric Oxide
GT Glutamyltransferase
StAR Steroidogenic Regulatory Protein
BCL-2 B-cell Lymphoma-2
MAD Malondialdehyde
PSA Prostate-Specific Antigen
OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
GR Glutathione Reductase
LC-3 1A/1B-Light-Chain-3
ERK Extracellular Signaling Regulated Kinase
BAX Bcl-2-Associated X protein
Apaf-1 Apoptotic Peptidase Activating Factor 1
Nrf2 Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-related Factor 2
IE Initiating Event
KE Key Event
PAMP Pathogen-Associated-Molecular-Pattern
ATP Adenosine Triphosphate
KEGG Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
EGFR Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
Cdk2 Cyclin Dependent Kinase 2
TfEB Transcriptional Factor EB
GLP Good Laboratory Practice
T/SEM Transmission/Scanning Electron Microscopy
DLS Dynamic Light Scattering
NTA Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
FCS Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy