Algorithm1: The MM approach to minimize the cost function (F(x)) (i.e., the optimal denoised AE signal ($\widehat{x}$) can be summarized as follows [44]:

(1)Set k = 0, and initialize x0. (2)Choose Gk(x) such that Gk(x) ≥ F(x) for all x and Gk(xk) = F(xk) (3) Set xk+1 as the minimizer of Gk(x), as shown in Equation (4). $$x_{k+1}= \arg \underset{x}{\min }{G}_k\left(x\right)$$ (4) (4)Set k = k + 1 and repeat step (2) and iterate until arriving at the minimum F(x).