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. 2020 Dec 31;22(1):386. doi: 10.3390/ijms22010386

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Schematic overview of the SARS-CoV-2 single stranded RNA genome. Upper line (green) represents the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 isolate Wuhan-Hu-1 accession number NC_045512 version 2 entry in the National Centre for Biotechnology Information database. Numbers (black) represent the beginning and end of a coding region. Of note, coding regions do not run consecutively (numbers in red). Polyproteins 1ab (pp1ab) and 1a (pp1a) are translated from ORF1ab (265–21,555 bp) via a ribosomal slippage site (black rectangle) and stem loop formation. Non-structural proteins (NSP 1–11) are cleaved from both polyproteins. Cleavage of NSP12–16 occurs only from pp1ab enabling the formation of various listed enzymes. Structural proteins spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M) and nucleocapsid (N) are encoded by the genes S (21,563–25,384 bp), E (26,245–26,472 bp), M (26,523–27,191 bp), and N (28,274–29,533 bp). Open reading frames (ORF) ORF3a, 6, 7a, 7b, 8, 9, and 10 are encoded by intermediate genomic segments as indicated. The location of two stem loops is shown adjacent to the 3′UTR representing pseudoknot stem loop (left) and s2m (right). The overall structure of SARS-CoV-2 is illustrated with abbreviations as indicated above.