Table 1.
Berlin criteria for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [3]. PEEP: positive end-expiratory pressure, PaO2: arterial oxygen tension, FiO2: inspiratory oxygen fraction, CT: computed tomography.
BERLIN CRITERIA | |
---|---|
TIMING | Within 1 week of a known clinical insult or new or worsening respiratory symptoms |
OXYGENATION | Mild: PaO2/FiO2 > 200 mmHg but ≤ 300 mmHg Moderate: PaO2/FiO2 > 100 mmHg but ≤ 200 mmHg Severe: PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 100 mmHg |
PEEP REQUIREMENT | Minimum 5 cm H2O PEEP required by invasive mechanical ventilation (noninvasive acceptable for mild ARDS) |
CHEST IMAGING | Bilateral opacities not fully explained by effusions, lobar/lung collapse or nodules by chest radiograph or CT |
ORIGIN OF OEDEMA | Respiratory failure not fully explained by cardiac failure or fluid overload (need objective assessment, such as echocardiography, to exclude hydrostatic oedema if no risk factor present) |