| HIV-1 | Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 |
| HUVEC | human umbilical vein endothelial cells |
| RGD | arginine-glycine-aspartic acid domain |
| cART | combination antiretroviral therapy |
| HSPG | heparan–sulfate proteoglycans |
| IL-1 | interleukin 1 |
| TNF | tumor necrosis factor |
| IFN | interferon |
| ICAM-1 | intercellular adhesion molecule-1 |
| IC-HUVEC | inflammatory cytokines activated HUVEC |
| DMSO | dimethyl sulfoxide |
| PBS | phosphate-buffered saline |
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