| ACI | autologous chondrocyte implantation |
| ACAN | aggrecan |
| ACLR | anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction |
| bFGF | basic fibroblast growth factor |
| BMP | bone morphogenetic protein |
| COL10 | collagen type X |
| COL10A1 | collagen type X alpha 1 |
| COL2 | collagen type II |
| COL2A1 | collagen type II alpha 1 |
| CSA | cross-section area |
| ECM | extracellular matrix |
| FACS | fluorescence-activated cell sorting |
| FGF | Fibroblast growth factor |
| FGFR | fibroblast growth factor receptor |
| GAPDH | glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase |
| GM | growth medium |
| HE | hematoxylin and eosin |
| MSC | mesenchymal stem cell |
| OCD | osteochondritis dissecans |
| PDL | population doubling level |
| qRT-PCR | quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction |
| Saf-O | Safranin-O |
| scid | severe combined immunodeficient |
| sGAG | sulfated glycosaminoglycan |
| SMSC | Synovial mesenchymal stem cell |
| SOX9 | sex-determining region Y-box 9 |
| TEC | tissue-engineered construct |
| TGF-β | transforming growth factor β |