Figure 3.

Differentiation of cells on EBNH-RBs. (a) Alizarin red staining images and destain results of dental pulp stem cells on nanofiber scaffolds by week. (b) Immunocytochemistry (ICC) fluorescent image of dental pulp stem cells 4 weeks after differentiation. DAPI stained the cell nucleus, TxRed (Alexa 594) stained the actin cytoskeleton, and FITC-TRITC conjugated phalloidin stained OPN. (Having non-identical letters, such as a and b, means that the groups have statistically significant differences at p < 0.05 (n = 5). Groups with common letters to others, such as a and ab, were not significantly different. While the 10% EBNH groups had a significantly high or high tendency in the differentiation assays, it is remarkable that the 1% EBNH group had less calcium deposition but expressed higher levels of OPN than the nHA group.