Effects of XCL1 on ERK/HIF-1α/EMT in A549 and Panc1 cells: A549 and Panc1 cells were treated with 100 ng/mL XCL1 for 24 h. Control cells were treated with serum-free media instead. Western blotting analyses were conducted using anti-E-cadherin (A), anti-N-cadherin (B), anti-vimentin (C), anti-HIF-1α (F), anti-phospho-ERK1/2, and anti-ERK1/2 antibodies (G). Western blotting analyses of cytosolic (D) and nuclear (E) extracts were conducted using anti-β-catenin antibody, as described in the Materials and Methods section. The expressions of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin, cytosolic β-catenin, HIF-1α, and ERK1/2 were normalized to that of β-actin, whereas nuclear β-catenin expression was normalized to that of lamin B1. Representative blots are shown. The data are displayed as the mean ± SEM from at least three independent experiments. Ctr, control.