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. 2020 Dec 25;10(1):48. doi: 10.3390/jcm10010048

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Right eye of a 67-year old male patient affected by type two DM with proliferative DR. (A) True-color fundus photography of the posterior pole showing NVD, multiple hemorrhages, extrafoveal hard exudates, cystoid macular edema, and peripheral laser treatment; (B) color-FAF of the same eye with detected values of foveal GEFC and REFC intensity of 31 and 40, respectively; (C) OCT horizontal B-scan centered on the fovea showing center involving cystoid macular edema (CRT = 356 μm), hard exudates, and hyper-reflective intraretinal spots. DM: diabetes mellitus; DR: diabetic retinopathy; NVD: new vessels at disc; FAF: fundus autofluorescence; GEFC/REFC: green/red emission fluorescence components; OCT: optical coherence tomography; CRT: central retinal thickness.