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. 2020 Dec 24;21(1):56. doi: 10.3390/s21010056

Figure 9.

Figure 9

State-of-the-art artificial intelligence and machine-learning algorithms used in the past for predicting driver fatigue. GMM: Gaussian mixture modeling, ANN: artificial neural network, SVM: support vector machine, PCA: principle component analysis, CNN: convolutional neural network, RNN–LSTM: recurrent neural network long-short term memory.