Table 4.

Human studies using synbiotics.

Conditions		Treatment	Main Results	Ref
Human	HE	Mixture of 4 probiotics (L. paracasei + L. plantarum + Leuconostoc mesenteriodes + P. pentosaceus) with 4 fibers (oat bran, pectin, resistant starch, and inulin)	No change in cognitive function	[103]
	Cirrhosis with MHE	Mixture of 4 probiotics (P. pentoseceus + Leuconostoc mesenteroides + L. paraacasei + L. plantarum) with 3 fibers (beta glucan + pectin + resistant starch)	(↓): TBIL (↑): ALB	[104]

↑ indicates an increase in condition, ↓ indicates a decrease in condition, ALB, albumin; HE, hepatic encephalopathy; MHE, minimal hepatic encephalopathy; TBIL, total bilirubin