Table 2.

Summary of research on the health-promoting properties of matcha green tea.

Health-Promoting Properties	The Component Associated with the Effect	Mechanism of Action	Reference
Anticarcinogenic effects	Catechins	support therapy as well as in cancer prevention, inhibiting tumour growth factors and inducing apoptosis of cancer cells	[58], [61]
	Vitamin C	protective effects against cancer	[62]
	Phenolic acids	inhibiting cancer cell growth and prevent metastasis	[34]
	EGCG	inhibiting tumour angiogenesis, antioxidant effects and suppressing the inflammatory processes contributing to transformation, hyperproliferation and initiation of carcinogenesis, improving tissue sensitivity to insulin and leptin, and reducing blood lipid parameters;	[57], [58], [59], [61]
Anti-inflammatory effects	EGCG	scavenging ROS, regulating the inflammatory condition and response	[22], [66]
Cardioprotective	EGCG	reducing oxidative stress, inhibiting the activation of stress-activated protein kinase and signalling pathways inducing the inflammatory response	[69], [70]
	Rutin	strengthening blood vessels	[36]
Improvement of cognitive function and prevention of neurodegenerative disorders	EGCG	promote clarity of mind and cognitive function, inhibits LPS-induced production of reactive oxygen species, improves insulin sensitivity and decreases amyloid-β production in the brain	[92], [98], [99]
	Caffeine	reduce the risk of cognitive decline, reversing oxidative processes and reducing neuroinflammation, inhibit ageing of the brain, anti-inflammatory effects, decreased deposition of amyloid-β in the brain	[94], [95], [96], [97]
Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism	EGCG	inhibiting starch digestion, inhibiting gluconeogenesis and the absorption of lipids and glucose, improving insulin sensitivity	[89], [91]
	Quercetin	inhibiting glucose absorption, regulating insulin secretion, improving insulin sensitivity	[43]
	Phenolic acids	modulating lipid and carbohydrate metabolism	[35]