ROS	Reactive oxygen species
MAPK	Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase
AP1	Activator protein 1
NF-kB	Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
ERK	Extracellular signal-regulated kinases
JNK	Jun N-Terminal Kinase
JAK	Janus kinases
STAT	Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription
IASP	International Association for the Study of pain
NSAIDs	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
CNS	Central Nervous System
NO	Nitric Oxide
DPPH	2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
BHA	Butylated hydroxyanisole
NAChRs	Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors
COX-2	Cyclooxygenase 2
iNOs	Nitric oxide synthase, inducible
LOX	Lipoxygenases
Nrf2	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
TNFα	Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha
IL-1β	Interleukin-1-beta
IL-6	Interleukin-6
IL-8	Interleukin-8
HO-1	Heme Oxygenase-1
GCLC	γ-glutamyl cysteine synthetase catalytic subunit
NAD(P)H	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
GSH	Glutathione
SOD	Superoxide dismutase
CAT	Catalase
ELSE	E. speciosa methanol extract
TRPV1	Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1
RMV	Rostral ventrolateral medulla
XO	Xanthine oxidase
XOI	Xanthine oxidase inhibitor
BDE	Second bond dissociation enthalpy
EDG	Group Electrondonators