| AHPO | Alkaline hydrogen peroxide oxidation |
| ToF-SIMS | Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry |
| PCA | Principal component analysis |
| DHI | 5,6-Dihyroxyindole |
| DHICA | 5,6-Dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid |
| SEM | Scanning electron microscopy |
| TEM | Transmission electron microscopy |
| HPLC | High performance liquid chromatography |
| PDCA | Pyrrole-2,3-dicarboxylic acid |
| PTCA | Pyrrole-2,3,5-tricarboxylic acid |
| PTeCA | Pyrrole-2,3,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid |
| Iso-PTCA | Pyrrole-2,3,4-tricarboxylic acid |
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