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. 2021 Jan 5;22(1):456. doi: 10.3390/ijms22010456

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Overview of current and promising technologies suitable for antimicrobial resistance profiling. Beside classical culture-based approaches (not included), currently available commercial solutions include PCR multiplex panels (e.g., Biofire^®-FilmArray® panels (biomérieux)), MALDI-TOF MS (MTB-STAR Assays (Bruker Daltonics, Inc.)), biochemical tests (e.g., RAPIDEC® CARBA NP test (biomérieux)) and protein marker tests (e.g., RESIST-3 O.K.N. K-SeT (Coris BioConcept, Gembloux, Belgium)). Further promising technological advances have been made in the field of Next-generation Sequencing (e.g., [174]) adaption of biochemical tests to faster electrochemical formats (e.g., [167]) or development of electrochemical sensors for bacterial growth (e.g., [154]). Several of these approaches are suspected to result in commercially available solutions for antimicrobial resistance profiling in the future.