Table 1.

The comparisons and assessments of collected studies that related to the fluorescence probe.

Article/Year	Analyte	Binding Mode	Sensing Mechanism	Fluorescence Signals	Detection Limits
[44]/2015	Zn2+	Lower rim amide linked 8-amino quinoline acts as a receptor molecule, and 8-amino naphthalene moiety 1,3,5-triderivatives of calix[6]arene acts as a control molecule	Absorption and Electrospray Ionization (ESI) MS Spectra	390 and 490 nm	-
[45]/2016	CEA	Carcinoembryonic antigen aptamer (5′-nh2-ataccagcttattcaatt-3′) conjugated to hexanedioic acid (hda) modified ucps (hda-ucps) by edc-nhs coupling method.	Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)	-	0.8 pg/mL
[46]/2015	Zn2+ and Cu2+	Asymmetrical Diarylethene As Photoswitchable Core and Amidoquinoline As A Multi-Responsive Group Via A Piperazine Linkage	Fluorescence Chemosensor	417 nm to 502 nm	-
[47]/2018	Zn2+	N’-(quinolin-8-ylmethylene)benzohydrazide group as the binding unit and perfluorodiarylethene as a photoswitching trigger	Fluorescence Sensor	412 nm	3.2 × 10−8 mol L−1
[48]/2011	Zn2+ and Cu2+	Amide tautomerization	Fluorescence Sensor	492 to 430 nm	0.14 and 0.86 μm
[49]/2014	Zn2+	4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide-pet, with iminodiacetic acid as a chelating metal group	PET-Fluorescent Sensor	470 nm	-
[50]/2013	Zn2+ and Cu2+	2-((benzylimino)- methyl)-naphthalen-1-ol	PET-Fluorescence Sensor	300 nm, 370 nm	0.35 and 0.82 µm
[51]/2017	Al3+	Coumarin-Derived Chemosensor with 2-Hydroxy-4-Methylbenzohydrazide and Acetylcoumarin	Fluorescence Chemosensor	490 nm	6.7 μm