Table 4.
Rate ratio (95% confidence interval (CI)) of total and cause-specific neurological disease hospital admissions associated with each interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5 concentration, by lag time and outcome, 2005–2016
| Outcome/Lag | IQR (μg/m3) | Rate Ratio¥ (95% CI) | p-value* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total | |||
| 0–29 | 3.6 | 1.03 (1.00, 1.05) | 0.017 |
| 0–179 | 2.4 | 1.04 (0.95, 1.14) | 0.448 |
| 0–364 | 2.4 | 1.06 (0.89, 1.27) | 0.512 |
| Alzheimer’s disease | |||
| 0–29 | 3.6 | 1.02 (0.99, 1.05) | 0.182 |
| 0–179 | 2.4 | 1.01 (0.90, 1.14) | 0.878 |
| 0–364 | 2.4 | 1.16 (0.91, 1.46) | 0.229 |
| Dementia | |||
| 0–29 | 3.6 | 1.02 (0.97, 1.06) | 0.499 |
| 0–179 | 2.4 | 1.11 (0.92, 1.34) | 0.259 |
| 0–364 | 2.4 | 1.02 (0.71, 1.46) | 0.934 |
| Parkinson’ disease | |||
| 0–29 | 3.6 | 1.06 (1.00, 1.12) | 0.035 |
| 0–179 | 2.4 | 0.98 (0.79, 1.22) | 0.838 |
| 0–364 | 2.4 | 0.88 (0.57, 1.35) | 0.562 |
Models adjusted for temperature (4df) and relative humidity using natural splines (3df); RR estimates in italics showed statistically significant (p<0.05) heterogeneity in RR estimates across sites
P values in bold indicate statistically significant associations at α=0.05
Site-specific estimates per IQR: Albany RR=1.07 (CI=0.94–1.22); Buffalo RR=0.91 (CI=0.83–1.01); Rochester RR=0.86 (CI=0.75–0.99); Bronx RR=1.04 (CI=0.99–1.10); Manhattan RR=0.97 (CI=0.92–1.03); Queens RR=1.03 (CI=0.98–1.08)
Site-specific estimates per IQR: Albany RR=0.93 (CI=0.85–1.02); Buffalo RR=1.00 (CI=0.91–1.09); Rochester RR=0.99 (CI=0.90–1.09); Bronx RR=0.99 (CI=0.95–1.04); Manhattan RR=1.00 (CI=0.91–1.09); Queens RR=1.08 (CI=1.03–1.14)