Table 3.
Association between novel ASCVD risk factors and long-term CAC=0 among persons with metabolic syndrome and/or type 2 diabetes
| Variable | All | Metabolic Syndrome Alone | Type 2 Diabetes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Novel ASCVD Risk Factors* | ||||||
| hs-CRP | 1.23 (0.80, 1.89) | 0.34 | 1.14 (0.69, 1.88) | 0.62 | 1.43 (0.59, 3.47) | 0.43 |
| hs-cardiac troponin T | 1.55 (1.01, 2.38) | 0.04 | 1.37 (0.84, 2.24) | 0.21 | 3.35 (1.22, 9.15) | 0.02 |
| NT-proBNP | 1.20 (0.66, 2.18) | 0.55 | 0.92 (0.46, 1.82) | 0.80 | 3.06 (0.70, 13.47) | 0.14 |
| Lipoprotein (a) | 1.85 (0.92, 3.71) | 0.08 | 1.73 (0.79, 3.80) | 0.17 | 3.22 (0.58, 17.76) | 0.18 |
| eGFR | 1.67 (0.70, 3.97) | 0.25 | 1.40 (0.53, 3.65) | 0.50 | 4.63 (0.45, 47.67) | 0.20 |
| Absence of Urine Protein | 1.05 (0.53, 2.09) | 0.88 | 0.75 (0.26, 2.18) | 0.59 | 1.51 (0.56, 4.03) | 0.41 |
| Absence of Thoracic Calcification | 2.42 (1.24, 4.72) | <0.01 | 2.72 (1.23, 6.02) | 0.01 | 2.42 (0.59, 9.81) | 0.22 |
| Absence of Carotid Plaque | 1.81 (1.25, 2.61) | <0.01 | 1.61 (1.04, 2.49) | 0.03 | 2.86 (1.37, 5.98) | <0.01 |
| Metabolic Syndrome Severity Score† | 2.71 (1.27, 5.76) | <0.01 | 2.25 (0.87, 5.87) | 0.09 | 5.96 (1.27, 28.07) | 0.02 |
Adjusted for: age, sex, race, education, antihypertensive medication, lipid-lowering medication, glucose-lowering medication, cigarette smoking, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, fasting serum triglycerides, and total cholesterol/HDL-C ratio.
=each novel risk factor was evaluated independently and added to model 1: hs-CRP < 2 mg/L; hs-cardiac troponin T < 3 ng/mL; NT-proBNP < 125 pg/mL; Lp(a) < 50 mg/dL in whites, Chinese, and Hispanic, Lp(a) < 30 mg/dL in blacks; eGFR > 60 mL/min/1.73m2.
=quartile 1 (lowest) versus quartile 4 (reference).
ASCVD=atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; CAC=coronary artery calcium; eGFR=estimated glomerular filtration rate; hs-CRP=high sensitivity C-reactive protein; NT-proBNP=n-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide.