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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Mayo Clin Proc. 2020 Nov 16;96(1):66–77. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.07.019

Figure 2. Associations between Antibiotic Exposure in the First Two Years of Life and Risk of Several Common Health Conditions with Childhood Onset.

Figure 2.

(A) Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for antibiotic exposure and risk of health conditions with childhood onset, after adjustment for child confounders (male sex, birth weight, ethnicity, and cesarean section) and maternal confounders (age, education, smoking, and antibiotic use during pregnancy). HRs and CIs highlighted in red are statistically significant. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is abbreviated as ADHD. (B) Cumulative probability of developing 1, 2, and 3 or more health conditions in children unexposed or exposed to antibiotics stratified by number of prescriptions. (C) Number of years spent with 0, 1, 2, or 3 or more health conditions during the first 14.5 years of life stratified by number of prescriptions.