Table 2.

Associations between the Number of Antibiotic Prescriptions and Risk of Several Common Health Conditions with Childhood Onset.

Condition	No.	Females HR (95% CI),	P-value	Males HR (95% CI),	P-value
Asthma	1–2	1.57 (1.20–2.05)	.001	1.28 (1.01–1.61)	.037
	3–4	1.85 (1.37–2.50)	<.001	1.92 (1.52–2.44)	<.001
	5+	3.00 (2.31–3.90)	<.001	2.24 (1.81–2.78)	<.001
Allergic rhinitis	1–2	0.94 (0.70–1.26)	.680	1.04 (0.82–1.33)	.749
	3–4	1.17 (0.84–1.62)	.348	1.24 (0.95–1.61)	.110
	5+	2.12 (1.62–2.77)	<.001	1.92 (1.54–2.39)	<.001
Food allergy	1–2	1.27 (0.76–2.12)	.371	1.31 (0.85–2.02)	.224
	3–4	0.83 (0.41–1.68)	.596	1.49 (0.93–2.39)	.097
	5+	1.66 (0.97–2.86)	.064	1.42 (0.91–2.21)	.119
Atopic dermatitis	1–2	1.41 (0.90–2.23)	.136	1.29 (0.83–2.00)	.251
	3–4	1.87 (1.13–3.09)	.015	1.71 (1.08–2.70)	.023
	5+	1.33 (0.79–2.23)	.276	1.35 (0.86–2.12)	.188
Celiac disease	1–2	8.12 (1.03–64.10)	.047	0.87 (0.22–3.47)	.840
	3–4	8.87 (1.04–75.95)	.046	1.02 (0.23–4.56)	.980
	5+	12.32 (1.56–97.32)	.017	2.42 (0.76–7.74)	.136
Overweight	1–2	1.06 (0.95–1.18)	.276	1.08 (0.97–1.20)	.163
	3–4	1.14 (1.01–1.30)	.041	1.23 (1.09–1.39)	.001
	5+	1.45 (1.30–1.63)	<.001	1.40 (1.26–1.56)	<.001
Obesity	1–2	1.00 (0.86–1.17)	.962	1.05 (0.90–1.21)	.543
	3–4	1.11 (0.92–1.33)	.270	1.22 (1.04–1.43)	.016
	5+	1.37 (1.16–1.60)	<.001	1.45 (1.25–1.67)	<.001
ADHD	1–2	1.31 (0.95–1.80)	.097	1.06 (0.87–1.29)	.575
	3–4	1.60 (1.12–2.29)	.009	1.13 (0.91–1.41)	.264
	5+	1.78 (1.28–2.46)	.001	1.45 (1.20–1.75)	<.001
Autism	1–2	0.79 (0.29–2.18)	.647	1.00 (0.59–1.70)	.990
	3–4	0.67 (0.18–2.52)	.551	1.27 (0.72–2.23)	.405
	5+	1.04 (0.36–3.00)	.943	1.57 (0.96–2.57)	.075
Learning disability	1–2	1.07 (0.76–1.51)	.702	1.16 (0.92–1.47)	.209
	3–4	1.23 (0.83–1.84)	.305	1.17 (0.90–1.52)	.251
	5+	1.38 (0.96–1.99)	.080	1.21 (0.95–1.53)	.125