Table 1.
Characteristics of Included Studies
| Author | Test Evaluated | Subjects (N, Gender, Mean age) | Reference Standard |
|---|---|---|---|
| Berthoud (2020) [3] | Lactate, Glucose, Lactate/Glucose Ratio |
233 151 males mean age 61.2 |
Newman’s Criteria and 1) pathogen isolated from synovial fluid 2) pathogen isolated from blood culture with typical clinical presentation for arthritis or 3) arthrocentesis revealed purulent synovial fluid in combination with presence of typical clinical presentation for septic arthritis, absence of crystals, and absence of other suitable diagnosis |
| Sigmund (2019) [26] | mPCR, synovial culture |
72 39 males mean age 64 |
1) Newman’s Criteria or 2) Pathologic features of septic arthrtitis and leukocyte count > 50,000 or PMNs > 90% in synovial fluid |
| Chouk (2019) [5] | WBC, CRP, Procalcitonin |
98 51 males mean age 65.2 |
Newman’s Criteria |
| Shu (2019) [25] | Synovial lactate |
39 28 males mean age 51 |
1) Positive synovial fluid culture or 2) Septic arthritis diagnosed by institution orthopedists with surgical intervention and IV antibiotics given during hospital stay |
| Baillet (2019) [1] | Calprotectin |
74 38 males mean age 70.4 |
Bacteria in synovial culture or blood culture without crystals present |
| Morgenstern (2018) [15] | SF leuk w/ diff, PCR, and microcalorimetry |
57 31 males mean age 62 |
Positive synovial fluid culture or 1) local clinical signs and symptoms, 2) increased SF leukocyte count and 3) exclusion of noninfectious causes |
| Pavic (2018) [20] | Highest recorded temp w/I 24 h, hemoglobin, WBC, platelet, CRP, ESR, Urate, Syn total leuk, Syn total eryth, syn tot polymorphos, syn tot mononucs, gender, symptom duratioin, features of sepsis, presence of sweats, presence of chills/rigors, joint swelliing, joint erythema, joint warmth, joint tenderness to palpatoin, joint ROM restriction |
165 119 males mean age 59.35 |
Positive synovial fluid culture |
| Ferreyra (2017) [6] | ALC, ANC, neutrophil differential, crystals |
208 125 males mean age 59.6 |
Pyogenic organism in joint fluid or blood samples |
| Borzio (2016) [4] | ESR, serum WBC, syn WBC, neutrophils, lymphocytes, temp | 458 (gender, age not given) | Positive synovial fluid culture |
| Paosong (2015) [18] | Procalcitonin | 75 no gender, age given | Newman’s Criteria |
| Lenski (2014)1 [9] | IL6, Synovial Lactate |
119 54 males mean age 69.9 |
Positive synovial fluid culture |
| Omar (2014) [17] | Leukocyte Esterase and Glucose Strips |
146 64 males mean age 59 |
1) A pathogen was isolated from the synovial fluid 2) A pathogen was isolated from a source other than synovial fluid and the clinical presentation was typical of septic arthritis or 3) The synovial fluid was turbid, and crystals were absent. |
| Baran (2014) [2] | WBC, %PMNs |
96 59 males mean age 47 |
Positive synovial fluid culture |
| Lenski (2014)2 [9] | Serum markers (WBC, CRP, UA), synovial markers (lactate, glucose, UA, LDH, WBC, tot prot, IL 6) |
82 47 males mean age 72.4 |
Positive synovial fluid culture |
| Talebi-Taher (2013) [28] | serum/synovial procal, serum IL-6, TNF-a, CRP, ESR, synovial WBC and PMN % |
75, 41 males mean age 52.2 |
1) Purulent material in the joint space with isolation of a bacterial pathogen from the joint fluid or 2) Positive gram stain |