Table 3.
Pearson Correlation analysis (r) of COVID-19 cases with PM2.5 concentration and climatic factors.
| PM2.5 conc. (μgm−3) | Temperature (°F) | Dew point (%) | Humidity (%) | Wind speed (m/s) | Pressure (Hg) | COVID-19 cases | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lahore | |||||||
| PM2.5 conc. | 1.00 | ||||||
| Temperature | .480∗∗ | 1.00 | |||||
| Dew point | −0.14 | 0.09 | 1.00 | ||||
| Humidity | -.488∗∗ | -.743∗∗ | .591∗∗ | 1.00 | |||
| Wind speed | 0.00 | -.387∗∗ | 0.15 | .422∗∗ | 1.00 | ||
| Pressure | −0.09 | −0.15 | −0.01 | 0.09 | −0.07 | 1.00 | |
| COVID-19 Cases | 0.24 | 0.10 | -.513∗∗ | -.401∗ | −0.04 | −0.33 | 1.00 |
| Peshawar | |||||||
| PM2.5 conc. | 1.00 | ||||||
| Temperature | 0.14 | 1.00 | |||||
| Dew point | 0.10 | 0.28 | 1.00 | ||||
| Humidity | −0.03 | −0.38 | 0.77 | 1.00 | |||
| Wind speed | 0.26 | −0.38 | 0.25 | 0.46 | 1.00 | ||
| Pressure | −0.09 | −0.55 | 0.02 | 0.37 | 0.21 | 1.00 | |
| COVID-19 Cases | 0.08 | −0.26 | −0.57 | −0.37 | −0.04 | 0.07 | 1.00 |
| Karachi | |||||||
| PM2.5 conc. | 1.00 | ||||||
| Temperature | 0.23 | 1.00 | |||||
| Dew point | −0.44 | −0.43 | 1.00 | ||||
| Humidity | −0.37 | −0.84 | 0.83 | 1.00 | |||
| Wind speed | −0.13 | 0.05 | 0.04 | −0.05 | 1.00 | ||
| Pressure | 0.06 | −0.05 | −0.07 | −0.01 | 0.10 | 1.00 | |
| COVID-19 Cases | −0.27 | −0.34 | 0.12 | 0.30 | 0.09 | 0.02 | 1.00 |
| Islamabad | |||||||
| PM2.5 (μgm−3) |
Temperature (°F) |
Humidity (%) |
Wind speed (m/s) |
Pressure (Hg) |
COVID-cases |
||
| PM2.5 conc. | 1 | ||||||
| Temperature | 0.1704 | 1 | |||||
| Humidity | −0.114 | −0.7 | 1 | ||||
| Wind speed | 0.0844 | −0.43 | 0.46 | 1 | |||
| Pressure | 0.1666 | 0.26 | −0.3 | −0.442 | 1 | ||
| COVID-19 Cases | −0.162 | −0.56 | 0.39 | 0.3815 | −0.53 | 1 | |
∗∗. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
∗. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).