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. 2021 Jan 9;13:20. doi: 10.1186/s13195-020-00741-z

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — Serum and urine metabolite associations with participant MMSE scores. Plots presenting metabolite concentration change in association with participant Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score. The plots were fitted with a linear regression model. Plots are shown for the metabolites in the serotonin and kynurenine pathways that reported significant differences between participant groups (Supplementary Figs. S1 and S2). The plots suggest that only urine xanthurenic acid has a significant negative correlation with participant MMSE (r = − 0.1266, p = 0.0031 (Holm-adjusted p = 0.0307)). A significant positive correlation was observed between MMSE score and both urine kynurenic acid (r = 0.1427, p = 0.0032 (Holm-adjusted p = 0.0307)) and serotonin (r = 0.1185, p = 0.0055 (Holm adjusted))