Table 1.
Characteristics of the Study Population
| Variables | All | Childhood-Onset Obesity | Adolescence/Youth-Onset Obesity | P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Values | n | Values | n | Values | ||
| Age (years) | 201 | 36 (28; 43) | 122 | 37.0 (28; 45) | 79 | 34.0 (28.0; 40) | 0.190 |
| Gender | |||||||
| Female | 201 | 160 (79.6) | 122 | 97 (79.5) | 79 | 63 (79.7) | 0.967 |
| Male | 41 (20.4) | 25 (20.5) | 16 (20.3) | ||||
| Weight (kg) | 201 | 128.7 (122.9; 146.0) | 122 | 128.9 (114.0; 146.9) | 79 | 128.7 (110.6; 145.5) | 0.973 |
| Height (m) | 201 | 1.63 (1.58; 1.70) | 122 | 1.64 (1.58; 1.70) | 79 | 1.63 (1.58; 1.70) | 0.997 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 201 | 47.3 (42.6; 53.0) | 122 | 47.0 (42.8; 52.6) | 79 | 48.0 (42.5; 55.0) | 0.723 |
| BAI | 199 | 50.3 (44.8; 55.6) | 122 | 49.2 (44.4; 55.7) | 77 | 50.7 (45.2; 54.6) | 0.472 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 199 | 137.0 (126.0; 147.0) | 122 | 137.0 (126.0; 144.0) | 77 | 137.0 (123.5; 149.5) | 0.940 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 199 | 142.0 (133.0; 152.0) | 122 | 141.8 (133.0; 151.2) | 77 | 143.0 (133.5; 154.0) | 0.492 |
| WHR | 199 | 0.96 (0.90; 1.00) | 122 | 0.97 (0.91; 1.00) | 77 | 0.95 (0.89; 0.99) | 0.195 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 109 | 132.0 (119.0; 147.5) | 61 | 131.0 (121.0; 148.5) | 48 | 132.0 (115.2; 147.0) | 0.776 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 109 | 87.0 (77.0; 95.5) | 61 | 88.0 (79.0; 97.5) | 48 | 84.0 (75.2; 94.2) | 0.568 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 149 | 96.0 (89.5; 108.0) | 85 | 97.0 (92.0; 105.5) | 64 | 94.5 (88.0; 112.0) | 0.598 |
| Cholesterol total (mg/dL) | 168 | 189.0 (165.0; 216.0) | 98 | 192.0 (162.2; 221.7) | 70 | 184.0 (166.5; 211.2) | 0.444 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 168 | 46.0 (41.0; 52.7) | 98 | 44.5 (40.0; 52.2) | 70 | 48.0 (43.0; 53.2) | 0.186 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 164 | 116.0 (96.2; 132.0) | 95 | 118.0 (97.0; 143.0) | 69 | 110.0 (95.0; 127.0) | 0.149 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 168 | 122.0 (89.2; 162.0) | 98 | 123.5 (84.7; 166.5) | 70 | 120.0 (91.5; 138.2) | 0.558 |
| Hemoglobin glycated (%) | 110 | 5.65 (5.07; 6.30) | 66 | 5.65 (5.10; 6.50) | 44 | 5.65 (5.00; 6.20) | 0.434 |
| CRP (mg/dL) | 109 | 1.05 (0.56; 1.58) | 66 | 1.08 (0.56; 1.64) | 43 | 0.85 (0.64; 1.52) | 0.685 |
| Leptin (pg/mL) | 96 | 2644.7 (2058.5; 3380.0) | 96 | 2644.7 (2058.5; 3380.0) | na | – | |
| MCP1 (pg/mL) | 96 | 246.3 (134.2; 366.8) | 96 | 246.3 (134.2; 366.8) | na | – | |
| PAI-1 (pg/mL) | 96 | 25,210.0 (1,7057.9; 31,640.4) | 96 | 25,210.0 (1,7057.9; 31,640.4) | na | – | |
| Resistin (pg/mL) | 96 | 8330.6 (5708.7; 10,843.6) | 96 | 8330.6 (5708.7; 10,843.6) | na | – | |
| Smoking status | |||||||
| Already smoked | 189 | 22 (11.6) | 118 | 15 (12.7) | 71 | 7 (9.9) | 0.554 |
| Never smoked | 167 (88.4) | 103 (87.3) | 64 (90.1) | ||||
| Physical activity practice | |||||||
| Yes | 191 | 48 (25.1) | 120 | 33 (27.5) | 71 | 15 (21.1) | 0.356 |
| No | 143 (74.9) | 87 (72.5) | 56 (78.9) | ||||
| Metabolic syndrome | |||||||
| Yes | 158 | 113 (71.5) | 93 | 72 (77.4) | 65 | 41 (63.1) | 0.033 |
| No | 45 (28.5) | 21 (22.6) | 24 (36.9) | ||||
| Hypertension | |||||||
| Yes | 193 | 128 (66.3) | 122 | 83 (68.0) | 71 | 45 (63.4) | 0.510 |
| No | 65 (33.7) | 39 (31.9) | 26 (36.6) | ||||
Notes: P-value for differences between childhood- and adolescence/youth-onset obesity. Bold font indicates statistical significance.
Abbreviations: BAI, body adiposity index; BMI, body mass index; CRP, C-reactive protein; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; MCP1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; na, not available; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; SBP, systolic blood pressure; WHR, waist–hip ratio.