Table 1. Distribution of age, HbA1c, and BDNF among enrolled groups as mean ± SD.
HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; BDNF: brain-derived neurotrophic factor
| Distribution of age, HbA1c, and BDNF | ||||
| Age | Mean ± SD | Minimum (years) | Maximum (Years) | P-Value |
| Non-diabetics | 49.3 ± 5.7 | 39 | 59 | 0.181 |
| Diabetics without Diabetic Retinopathy | 51.8 ± 6.4 | 42 | 64 | |
| Diabetics with Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy | 53.1 ± 6.0 | 42 | 64 | |
| Diabetics with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy | 53.1 ± 6.9 | 40 | 65 | |
| HbA1c | Mean ± SD | Minimum (%) | Maximum (%) | P-Value |
| Non-diabetics | 5.0 ± 0.3 | 4.5 | 5.7 | < 0.001* |
| Diabetics without Diabetic Retinopathy | 8.7 ± 1.4 | 6.8 | 10.9 | |
| Diabetics with Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy | 9.8 ± 1.1 | 8.1 | 12.8 | |
| Diabetics with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy | 10.8 ± 1.2 | 8.7 | 13.0 | |
| BDNF | Mean ± SD | Minimum (ng⁄ml) | Maximum (ng⁄ml) | P-Value |
| Non-diabetics | 20.4 ± 0.6 | 19.3 | 21.2 | < 0.001* |
| Diabetics without Diabetic Retinopathy | 19.2 ± 0.6 | 18.4 | 20.1 | |
| Diabetics with Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy | 18.6 ± 0.6 | 17.5 | 19.5 | |
| Diabetics with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy | 17.2 ± 0.6 | 15.9 | 18.3 | |