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. 2021 Jan 1;18(3):811–820. doi: 10.7150/ijms.51484

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Flow chart of eligible studies screening. Initially, we searched 65 articles from the four databases, including 13 in PubMed, 14 in EMBASE, 30 in Web of Science and 8 in the Cochrane Library. Twenty-nine duplicates were removed. Then 26 publications were excluded after screening titles and abstracts, including 5 animal experiments, 13 non-chronic kidney disease studies, 5 non-resistant starch studies and 3 clinical trial registrations. Five articles were further excluded after reviewing the full-texts, including 3 reviews and 2 conference abstracts. Finally, 5 publications were included for the meta-analysis.