Table 1.
Results of Multilevel Models Testing Moderators of Changes in Relationship Satisfaction and Attributions
| Variable | Relationship satisfaction | Causal attributions | Responsibility attributions | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moderator × Time Coefficient | r | 95% CI | Moderator × Time Coefficient | r | 95% CI | Moderator × Time Coefficient | r | 95% CI | |
| Household income | 0.01 | .02 | [0.00, 0.01] | 0.01 | −.03 | [0.00, 0.01] | −0.01 | −.01 | [−0.01, 0.00] |
| Education | |||||||||
| High school | 0.03 | .01 | [−0.14, 0.19] | 0.02 | .03 | [−0.04, 0.08] | 0.01 | −.01 | [−0.07, 0.05] |
| Some college | 0.03 | .01 | [−0.13, 0.19] | 0.03 | .03 | [−0.03, 0.08] | −0.01 | .01 | [−0.05, 0.07] |
| Associate’s degree | 0.01 | .00 | [−0.16, 0.18] | 0.03 | .03 | [−0.03, 0.08] | 0.01 | .00 | [−0.06, 0.06] |
| Bachelor’s degree | 0.01 | .01 | [−0.15, 0.18] | 0.02 | .03 | [−0.04, 0.08] | 0.00 | .01 | [−0.05, 0.07] |
| Graduate degree | 0.03 | .01 | [−0.13, 0.19] | 0.02 | .03 | [−0.03, 0.08] | 0.01 | .01 | [−0.05, 0.07] |
| Relationship status | |||||||||
| Engaged | 0.01 | .00 | [−0.05, 0.05] | 0.01 | .01 | [−0.07, 0.02] | 0.01 | −.02 | [−0.02, 0.01] |
| Married | 0.01 | .03 | [−0.02, 0.03] | 0.01 | .01 | [−0.01, 0.01] | 0.01 | −.01 | [−0.01, 0.01] |
| Cohabitation | |||||||||
| Not cohabiting | 0.01 | .00 | [−0.04, 0.04] | 0.01 | .01 | [−0.01, 0.01] | 0.01 | .02 | [−0.01, 0.02] |
| Cohabiting because of the pandemic | 0.02 | .02 | [−0.06, 0.09] | −0.03* | −.08 | [−0.06, 0.00] | 0.01 | .00 | [−0.03, 0.03] |
| Relationship length | 0.01 | .06 | [0.00, 0.01] | 0.01* | .09 | [0.00, 0.01] | 0.01 | .01 | [0.00, 0.01] |
| Children in home | 0.01 | −.01 | [−0.02, 0.02] | 0.01* | .08 | [0.00, 0.02] | 0.01 | .01 | [−0.01, 0.01] |
| Negative experiences of pandemic | −0.01* | −.10 | [−0.01, 0.00] | 0.01* | −.09 | [0.00, 0.01] | 0.01 | −.06 | [0.00, 0.01] |
| Stress level from pandemic | 0.01 | −.03 | [−0.01, 0.01] | 0.01* | −.09 | [0.00, 0.01] | 0.01** | −.11 | [0.00, 0.01] |
| Relationship coping | 0.05*** | .27 | [0.03, 0.06] | −0.01*** | −.20 | [−0.02, −0.01] | −0.01*** | −.21 | [−0.02, −0.01] |
| Relationship conflict | −0.03*** | −.17 | [−0.04, −0.02] | 0.01*** | .14 | [0.00, 0.01] | 0.01** | .12 | [0.01, 0.01] |
Note: N = 654. Coefficients are unstandardized. Ten moderator variables were tested for each of the three dependent variables. Education, relationship status, and cohabitation were tested as categorical variables with “less than high school degree,” “dating,” and “cohabiting” used as the respective reference groups. Coefficients in boldface remained significant after a Holm-Bonferroni correction for multiple tests was applied to the coefficients within each dependent variable. Effect-size r is equal to Z/√N. CI = confidence interval.
*
p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.