Figure 1.

Rosiglitazone attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome activation. (A-E) Immunoblot analysis of caspase-1 activation and IL-1β maturation in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Schematic diagrams show the experimental design of co-treatment with Rosi in (A) the whole procedure, or (B) the signal 1 (Signal-1 exposure) and signal 2 (Signal-2 exposure) of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. (C) Expression of NLRP3, IL-1β, and TNFα was detected in Signal-1 (upper panels) and Signal-2 (lower panels) exposure protocols from four independent experiments. mRNA levels are expressed relative to average expression in the unstimulated control group. (D) Immunoblot analysis of caspase-1 activation and IL-1β maturation in mouse peritoneal macrophages treated with rosiglitazone by Signal-1 and Signal-2 exposure protocols. (E) IL-1β level was detected by ELISA from six independent experiments. (F-G) Immunoblot analysis of caspase-1 activation and IL-1β maturation in LPS-primed mouse peritoneal macrophages treated with (F) MSU, alum, and ATP, or with (G) dsDNA (D) and flagellin (F) with the Signal-2 exposure protocol. Caspase-1 p10 and mature IL-1β are collected from culture supernatants and others are from cell lysates. *P < 0.05 and ***P < 0.001 by one-way ANOVA with Fisher's LSD test. Representative blots in (A) and (D) are from three independent experiments; and in (F) and (G) are from one and two independent experiments, respectively. Experiment replicates are shown in Figure S10.