Figure 1.

Cisplatin antagonizes TGFβ-induced EMT and cell movement of breast cancer cells. A TGFβ induces EMT in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, which is counteracted by cisplatin. Filamentous actin was stained by 1:1000 phalloidin. Bar = 50 μm. B, C TGFβ and cisplatin induce expression changes of mesenchymal and epithelial markers triggered in opposite directions revealed by Western blot. Quantification of FN1, Vimentin, β-catenin and E-cadherin levels were shown on the right panels. D TGFβ enhances cell migration as compared to control cells whereas cisplatin not only inhibits cell migration, but also overrides the stimulatory effect of TGFβ in MCF7 cells. E, F Calculation of filopodium index during a 24-h time lapse (E) and at 24h point (F) reveals that TGFβ significantly increases filopodium formation as compared to control, whereas cisplatin completely blocks filopodium formation in either cisplatin or cisplatin/TGFβ treatment conditions in MCF7 cells. Insert in E shows MCF7 cell morphology at 24h point. In (D-F), data represent means ± standard deviations (SDs). See also Figure S1, Figure S2 and Figure S3. Concentration of drugs in this figure: TGFβ [5 ng/mL] cisplatin [10 μM]. Immunoblots shown in this figure have 3 replicates. ns, *, ** and *** means not significant, p < 0.05, p < 0.005, and p < 0.0005, respectively.