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. 2021 Jan 11;16(6):1547–1557. doi: 10.1007/s11739-020-02615-6

Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of the derivation and validation cohorts

Cohort, no. (%) of patients
Derivation (N = 315) Validation (N = 276)
Demographics
 Age, median (IQR), years 79 (70–85) 76 (61–83)
 Gender (women) 143 (45) 124 (45)
 Nursing home resident 74 (23) 14 (5)
Comorbidities
 Coronary artery disease 40 (13) 34 (12)
 Heart failure 59 (19) 33 (12)
 Diabetes mellitus 64 (20) 61 (22)
 Cerebrovascular disease 65 (20) 51 (18)
 Dementia 38 (12) 25 (9)
 COPD 58 (18) 54 (20)
 Cancer 64 (20) 37 (13)
 Chronic kidney disease (eGFR < 30) 42 (13) 24 (9)
 Liver disease 15 (5) 9 (4)
 Charlson Comorbidity Index 6 (4–8) 4 (2–6)
Number of comorbidities
 0 38 (12) 85 (30)
 1 68 (21) 69 (25)
 > 1 209 (66) 122 (44)
 Active smoker 28 (18) 67 (24)
Severity of Pneumonia
 CURB-65 score 2 (1–2) 2 (1–2)
 PSI score 102 (84–128) 93 (73–114)
 PSI class I–II 39 (12) 70 (25)
 III 66 (21) 72 (26)
 IV 134 (42) 99 (36)
 V 75 (24) 32 (12)
Vital parameters at admission
 Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) 133 ± 22 127 ± 23
 Heart rate (bpm) 92 ± 18 94 ± 20
 Respiratory rate (median, IQR) 16 (14–20) 20 (16–24)
 Body temperature (median (IQR), °C) 37.7 (36.8–38.5) 37.3 (36.5–38.2)
 Arterial oxygen saturation (%) 93 (90–96) 92 (88–95)
 Altered mental status at admission (%) 67 (21) 35 (13)
 Bilateral involvement at Rx (%) 65 (21) 65 (23)
Laboratory data
 Haemoglobin (g/L) 12.5 ± 1.9 12.7 ± 1.9
 Haematocrit (median (IQR), %) 37.6 (34–41) 38.2 (35–42)
 RDW (median (IQR), %) 14.4 (13.6–15.9) 14.2 (13.4–15.4)
 eGFR (ml/min) 65.2 ± 28 67.9 ± 28
 BUN (median (IQR), mg/dL) 23 (16–33) 22 (15–32)
 C-Reactive Protein (median (IQR), mg/dL) 68 (33–191) 43 (21–125)
 Procalcitonin (mg/L) 0.27 (0.12–1.3) 0.20 (0.1–1.0)*
 Sodium (mEq/L) 138.3 (135–141) 137 (134–139)
 Glucose (mg/dL) 128 (109–152) 130 (107–163)
Primary outcome
 18-month mortality 102 (32) 51 (18)

Data are expressed as number (percentage), mean ± standard deviation or median (25–75% percentiles) as appropriate

BUN blood urea nitrogen, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, PSI Pneumonia Severity Index, RDW red cell distribution width

*Data available for N = 187