Table 3.
Results of the fitness value for all algorithms
| Thresholds | Image | FA | SCA | SSO | VPL | WOA | VPLWOA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 | Img1 | 1703.456 | 1712.468 | 1711.894 | 1734.926 | 1725.392 | 1713.615 |
| Img2 | 1708.328 | 1687.862 | 1725.929 | 1711.276 | 1729.670 | 1713.464 | |
| Img3 | 1724.513 | 1694.385 | 1713.239 | 1708.673 | 1733.949 | 1736.985 | |
| Img4 | 1724.520 | 1726.138 | 1714.449 | 1701.156 | 1698.402 | 1722.211 | |
| Img5 | 4991.201 | 4950.548 | 4962.917 | 4983.714 | 5001.077 | 4984.048 | |
| Img6 | 1581.792 | 1587.016 | 1588.829 | 1586.535 | 1585.781 | 1584.810 | |
| Img7 | 1581.144 | 1582.674 | 1585.659 | 1584.588 | 1583.912 | 1590.158 | |
| Img8 | 1589.786 | 1579.850 | 1580.631 | 1583.905 | 1585.623 | 1589.878 | |
| Img9 | 1584.106 | 1583.971 | 1586.660 | 1593.023 | 1583.499 | 1584.887 | |
| Img10 | 1588.729 | 1583.783 | 1585.024 | 1590.103 | 1582.797 | 1585.010 | |
| Img11 | 1579.357 | 1584.041 | 1578.944 | 1576.600 | 1588.166 | 1580.550 | |
| 4 | Img1 | 1880.266 | 1875.024 | 1863.270 | 1873.830 | 1878.473 | 1864.501 |
| Img2 | 1883.126 | 1873.014 | 1872.826 | 1878.365 | 1878.864 | 1873.284 | |
| Img3 | 1891.211 | 1865.781 | 1881.080 | 1870.542 | 1875.042 | 1872.578 | |
| Img4 | 1874.896 | 1875.750 | 1869.678 | 1875.425 | 1879.000 | 1881.252 | |
| Img5 | 5216.947 | 5218.272 | 5224.690 | 5233.415 | 5222.599 | 5238.445 | |
| Img6 | 1646.383 | 1648.282 | 1649.349 | 1645.340 | 1641.283 | 1649.298 | |
| Img7 | 1642.318 | 1645.523 | 1646.438 | 1643.822 | 1647.067 | 1647.473 | |
| Img8 | 1645.481 | 1643.398 | 1646.144 | 1644.864 | 1644.308 | 1651.244 | |
| Img9 | 1645.896 | 1642.698 | 1649.793 | 1648.858 | 1647.242 | 1650.972 | |
| Img10 | 1645.121 | 1639.877 | 1646.028 | 1644.678 | 1645.269 | 1648.037 | |
| Img11 | 1646.481 | 1646.782 | 1639.757 | 1648.802 | 1644.731 | 1646.305 | |
| 6 | Img1 | 1936.724 | 1943.265 | 1946.757 | 1935.825 | 1932.088 | 1940.910 |
| Img2 | 1937.723 | 1940.812 | 1933.451 | 1934.636 | 1937.021 | 1942.985 | |
| Img3 | 1939.130 | 1940.977 | 1943.996 | 1944.390 | 1938.656 | 1944.699 | |
| Img4 | 1949.749 | 1938.982 | 1942.062 | 1939.091 | 1929.229 | 1933.273 | |
| Img5 | 5320.981 | 5314.785 | 5324.966 | 5322.433 | 5314.672 | 5326.078 | |
| Img6 | 1669.798 | 1667.301 | 1670.316 | 1668.778 | 1670.771 | 1671.528 | |
| Img7 | 1670.176 | 1670.114 | 1668.018 | 1669.107 | 1667.986 | 1668.906 | |
| Img8 | 1671.052 | 1667.890 | 1665.367 | 1669.956 | 1668.178 | 1669.466 | |
| Img9 | 1670.098 | 1668.495 | 1671.635 | 1667.210 | 1670.245 | 1669.733 | |
| Img10 | 1667.459 | 1668.249 | 1670.933 | 1671.194 | 1670.717 | 1672.183 | |
| Img11 | 1669.845 | 1666.510 | 1668.733 | 1670.057 | 1670.452 | 1669.176 | |
| 8 | Img1 | 1969.910 | 1969.996 | 1971.522 | 1965.633 | 1971.525 | 1979.465 |
| Img2 | 1969.583 | 1969.388 | 1977.017 | 1977.974 | 1976.591 | 1967.421 | |
| Img3 | 1979.697 | 1973.113 | 1965.554 | 1978.375 | 1966.828 | 1976.470 | |
| Img4 | 1977.538 | 1969.431 | 1974.153 | 1970.882 | 1967.643 | 1973.971 | |
| Img5 | 5372.387 | 5368.011 | 5368.828 | 5362.795 | 5369.879 | 5373.830 | |
| Img6 | 1681.891 | 1682.540 | 1681.386 | 1681.988 | 1682.062 | 1681.316 | |
| Img7 | 1681.365 | 1679.654 | 1681.552 | 1680.014 | 1683.024 | 1680.958 | |
| Img8 | 1682.874 | 1681.450 | 1681.727 | 1681.702 | 1680.891 | 1680.439 | |
| Img9 | 1680.004 | 1678.793 | 1681.110 | 1683.465 | 1681.823 | 1682.041 | |
| Img10 | 1682.271 | 1678.720 | 1682.618 | 1682.315 | 1680.996 | 1682.159 | |
| Img11 | 1682.297 | 1682.160 | 1681.707 | 1680.938 | 1682.940 | 1680.916 | |
| 10 | Img1 | 1990.431 | 1988.302 | 1992.985 | 1992.739 | 1988.937 | 1995.718 |
| Img2 | 1989.846 | 1989.727 | 1991.627 | 1987.391 | 1993.901 | 1987.550 | |
| Img3 | 1991.617 | 1982.272 | 1989.948 | 1991.725 | 1987.954 | 1983.224 | |
| Img4 | 1992.034 | 1990.704 | 1987.544 | 1991.167 | 1989.722 | 1991.375 | |
| Img5 | 5394.623 | 5392.315 | 5399.817 | 5392.619 | 5392.841 | 5397.687 | |
| Img6 | 1689.660 | 1688.722 | 1689.179 | 1689.525 | 1689.656 | 1689.690 | |
| Img7 | 1686.208 | 1688.681 | 1688.886 | 1688.607 | 1689.402 | 1689.058 | |
| Img8 | 1690.424 | 1685.208 | 1688.664 | 1688.127 | 1689.522 | 1687.526 | |
| Img9 | 1687.180 | 1688.590 | 1687.812 | 1687.531 | 1689.867 | 1687.390 | |
| Img10 | 1690.395 | 1688.587 | 1688.781 | 1688.665 | 1688.690 | 1688.352 | |
| Img11 | 1687.900 | 1687.781 | 1689.748 | 1688.661 | 1687.864 | 1688.373 | |
| 16 | Img1 | 2016.800 | 2013.430 | 2017.447 | 2017.023 | 2016.951 | 2015.364 |
| Img2 | 2016.590 | 2015.907 | 2016.962 | 2012.270 | 2018.092 | 2017.226 | |
| Img3 | 2018.654 | 2018.339 | 2018.765 | 2019.093 | 2017.148 | 2017.648 | |
| Img4 | 2018.135 | 2016.896 | 2016.444 | 2018.430 | 2017.962 | 2015.885 | |
| Img5 | 5438.271 | 5433.432 | 5437.368 | 5437.218 | 5438.574 | 5437.083 | |
| Img6 | 1697.317 | 1696.644 | 1698.112 | 1697.936 | 1697.921 | 1698.410 | |
| Img7 | 1698.651 | 1698.606 | 1698.342 | 1698.515 | 1698.717 | 1698.737 | |
| Img8 | 1698.501 | 1697.873 | 1698.916 | 1698.827 | 1697.757 | 1697.058 | |
| Img9 | 1698.529 | 1696.035 | 1698.576 | 1698.087 | 1697.421 | 1697.605 | |
| Img10 | 1698.305 | 1698.054 | 1697.960 | 1697.835 | 1698.562 | 1698.233 | |
| Img11 | 1697.598 | 1697.661 | 1698.475 | 1699.315 | 1698.596 | 1697.381 | |
| 18 | Img1 | 2018.848 | 2020.102 | 2020.419 | 2019.776 | 2023.681 | 2020.558 |
| Img2 | 2021.382 | 2020.628 | 2022.967 | 2020.404 | 2018.636 | 2022.772 | |
| Img3 | 2021.335 | 2021.488 | 2022.468 | 2020.472 | 2021.385 | 2019.220 | |
| Img4 | 2021.508 | 2018.974 | 2020.616 | 2020.838 | 2021.338 | 2022.868 | |
| Img5 | 5439.587 | 5442.411 | 5445.801 | 5439.403 | 5444.172 | 5441.609 | |
| Img6 | 1700.246 | 1699.000 | 1699.802 | 1698.880 | 1700.041 | 1700.336 | |
| Img7 | 1700.496 | 1699.619 | 1699.874 | 1699.989 | 1700.016 | 1699.656 | |
| Img8 | 1699.626 | 1698.794 | 1699.347 | 1699.707 | 1700.438 | 1699.196 | |
| Img9 | 1699.056 | 1699.161 | 1700.094 | 1699.321 | 1700.025 | 1698.867 | |
| Img10 | 1700.230 | 1700.155 | 1699.514 | 1699.738 | 1699.900 | 1698.842 | |
| Img11 | 1700.575 | 1699.832 | 1699.939 | 1699.511 | 1700.258 | 1699.678 | |
| 20 | Img1 | 2024.802 | 2022.751 | 2023.736 | 2023.926 | 2024.863 | 2026.248 |
| Img2 | 2024.885 | 2021.444 | 2025.606 | 2025.655 | 2025.529 | 2022.107 | |
| Img3 | 2024.421 | 2020.847 | 2020.286 | 2022.098 | 2021.090 | 2026.276 | |
| Img4 | 2025.917 | 2020.931 | 2024.377 | 2021.573 | 2022.553 | 2024.495 | |
| Img5 | 5447.912 | 5447.243 | 5445.748 | 5448.770 | 5445.784 | 5442.893 | |
| Img6 | 1701.980 | 1700.648 | 1700.412 | 1700.950 | 1701.446 | 1700.980 | |
| Img7 | 1701.476 | 1700.213 | 1701.468 | 1701.583 | 1700.594 | 1701.904 | |
| Img8 | 1700.864 | 1701.527 | 1701.106 | 1701.463 | 1701.016 | 1700.868 | |
| Img9 | 1701.278 | 1701.106 | 1701.605 | 1700.433 | 1701.487 | 1701.386 | |
| Img10 | 1700.953 | 1701.042 | 1701.736 | 1700.214 | 1700.238 | 1700.895 | |
| Img11 | 1700.270 | 1701.583 | 1701.006 | 1701.040 | 1701.172 | 1701.721 | |
| Mean | 2103.442 | 2100.921 | 2102.806 | 2102.821 | 2103.160 | 2103.714 |