Table 1.
Significant Protein–COVID-19 Severity Associations
| Protein |
Protein-Encoding Gene | Region | Instrument Variants | Type of pQTL | COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ORa | 95% CIa | P Value | FDR P Valueb | ||||||
| sE-Selectin | E-selectin | SELE | 1q24.2 | rs2519093 | trans | 0.88 | .83–.93 | 7.29 × 10–6 | .001 |
| FA20B | Glycosaminoglycan xylosylkinase | FAM20B | 1q25.2 | rs587729126 | trans | 1.66 | 1.26–2.20 | 3.22 × 10–4 | .03 |
| B3GN2 | N-acetyllactosaminide β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 | B3GN2 | 2p15 | rs2519093 | trans | 1.66 | 1.33–2.06 | 7.29 × 10–6 | .001 |
| LIF sR | Leukemia inhibitory factor receptor | LIFR | 5p13.1 | rs635634 | trans | 0.60 | .47–.75 | 8.71 × 10–6 | .001 |
| Met | Hepatocyte growth factor receptor | MET | 7q31.2 | rs635634 | trans | 0.66 | .55–.80 | 8.71 × 10–6 | .001 |
| Endoglin | Endoglin | ENG | 9q34.11 | rs635634 | trans | 0.52 | .39–.70 | 8.71 × 10–6 | .001 |
| BGAT | Histo-blood group ABO system transferase | ABO | 9q34.2 | rs505922 | cis | 1.09 | 1.06–1.14 | 1.34 × 10–6 | 9.10 × 10–4 |
| ST4S6 | Carbohydrate sulfotransferase 15 | CHST15 | 10q26.13 | rs550057 | trans | 0.62 | .51–.76 | 2.40 × 10–6 | .001 |
| COX8A | Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial | COX8A | 11q13.1 | rs2232613 | trans | 0.82 | .75–.90 | 3.79 × 10–5 | .004 |
| SCF | Kit ligand | KITLG | 12q21.32 | rs6065904 | trans | 1.54 | 1.20–1.97 | 6.33 × 10–4 | .05 |
| OAS1 | 2′-5′-oligoadenylate synthase 1 | OAS1 | 12q24.13 | rs4767027, rs62143197 |
cis, trans |
0.75 | .64–.87 | 2.45 × 10–4 | .02 |
| IGF-I sR | Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor | IGF1R | 15q26.3 | rs635634 | trans | 0.49 | .36–.67 | 8.71 × 10–6 | .001 |
| AT2A3 | Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3 | ATP2A3 | 17p13.2 | rs6065904 | trans | 0.65 | .51–.83 | 6.33 × 10–4 | .05 |
| sICAM-2 | Intercellular adhesion molecule 2 | ICAM2 | 17q23.3 | rs587729126 | trans | 0.56 | .41–.77 | 3.22 × 10–4 | .03 |
| IR | Insulin receptor | INSR | 19p13.2 | rs507666 | trans | 0.80 | .72–.88 | 8.04 × 10–6 | .001 |
| DC-SIGN | CD209 antigen | CD209 | 19p13.2 | rs505922 | trans | 1.15 | 1.09–1.22 | 1.34 × 10–6 | 9.10 × 10–4 |
| IL-3 Ra | Interleukin-3 receptor subunit α | IL3RA | Xp22.33 | rs2519093 | trans | 0.83 | .77–.90 | 7.29 × 10–6 | .001 |
| C1GLC | C1GALT1-specific chaperone 1 | C1GALT1C1 | Xq24 | rs7787942, rs2519093 |
trans, trans |
1.24 | 1.13–1.36 | 9.88 × 10–6 | .001 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; FDR, false discovery rate; OR, odds ratio; pQTL, protein quantitative trait loci.
aOR and CI per 1 standard deviation increase in genetically predicted protein levels and P value are derived from association analyses of 6492 hospitalized patients and 1 012 809 population controls (2-sided).
bFDR P value, FDR adjusted P value. Associations with FDR P ≤ .05 considered statistically significant.