Table 1.

Main baseline features of COVID-19 patients and controls

Variable	COVID-19 N = 197	COVID-19_D N = 19	Controls N = 197	P a	P b	P c
Age (years), median (IQR)	61.0 (47.5-70.0)	60.0 (59.0-75.0)	61.0 (56.0-66.0)	.082	.153	.182
Sex (male), n (%)	123 (62.4)	7 (36.8)	123 (62.4)	.030	.999	.030
BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD	29.2 ± 4.7	30.9 ± 6.3	28.9 ± 4.0	.134	.557	.035
Current smoker, n (%)	14 (7.1)	2 (10.5)	34 (17.3)	.638	.002	.747
Hypertension, n (%)	76 (38.6)	12 (63.2)	87 (44.2)	.037	.260	.113
Diabetes, n (%)	34 (17.3)	0 (0.0)	31 (15.7)	.049	.684	.083
Cardiovascular disease, n (%)	21 (10.7)	3 (15.8)	22 (11.2)	.451	.872	.468
COPD, n (%)	15 (7.6)	2 (10.5)	9 (4.6)	.650	.206	.250
Active cancer, n (%)	7 (3.6)	0 (0.0)	8 (4.1)	.999	.792	.999
Immunosuppression, n (%)	16 (8.1)	6 (31.6)	2 (1.0)	.006	.001	<.0001
ACEI / ARA2 agents, n (%)	58 (29.4)	7 (36.8)	47 (23.9)	.502	.210	.265
GFR-MDRD-4 (mL/min/1.73 m2), median (IQR)	92.2 (73.9-113.4)	85.9 (69.9-104.9)	71.9 (63.3-91.5)	.213	<.0001	.053
C-reactive protein (mg/dl), median (IQR)	5.60 (2.63-11.85)	7.30 (2.90-15.10)	0.25 (0.10-0.50)	.756	<.0001	<.0001
Corrected calcium (mg/dL), median (IQR)	8.5 (8.3-9.0)	8.7 (8.4-9.0)	9.1 (8.9-9.3)	.175	<.0001	<.0001
25OHD (ng/mL), mean ± SD	13.8 ± 7.2	21.1 ± 5.9	20.9 ± 7.4	<.0001	<.0001	.914
PTH (pg/mL), median (IQR)	42.6 (32.3-62.6)	53.7 (28.8-67.4)	51.6 (42.5-65.2)	.389	<.0001	.719

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARA2, angiotensin-receptor 2 antagonists; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; MDRD, modification of diet in renal disease; 25OHD, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; PTH, parathyroid hormone.

aCOVID-19 group vs COVID19_D group.

bCOVID-19 group vs Controls.

cCOVID-19_D group vs Controls.