Table 3.
Main features in COVID-19 patients with or without oral vitamin D supplements at admission
| Variable | COVID-19 N = 197 | COVID-19_D N = 19 | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical and laboratory data | |||
| Pneumonia, n (%) | 188 (95.4) | 18 (94.7) | .999 |
| Respiratory rate >22, n (%) | 40 (20.3) | 3 (15.8) | .772 |
| CURB-65 score, median (IQR) | 1 (1, 2) | 1 (1, 2) | .353 |
| SBP < 100 mmHg, n (%) | 5 (2.5) | 0 (0.0) | .999 |
| PaO2/FIO2 ratio, median (IQR) | 444 (428-452) | 444 (432-452) | .524 |
| PaO2/FIO2 ratio < 300, n (%) | 52 (26.4) | 1 (5.3) | .049 |
| Lymphocytes (mm3), median (IQR) | 900 (700-1200) | 900 (500-1400) | .890 |
| Neutrophils (mm3), median (IQR) | 3900 (2900-5600) | 4000 (2200-5100) | .624 |
| Neutrophil/Lymphocyte ratio, median (IQR) | 4.75 (3.00-7.38) | 4.58 (2.81-7.82) | .891 |
| Platelet count (×109/L), median (IQR) | 167 (138-214) | 168 (142-236) | .478 |
| D-dimer (ng/mL), median (IQR) | 735.5 (254.3-1367.3) | 599 (431-1336) | .731 |
| Ferritin (ng/mL), median (IQR) | 861 (330-1418) | 315 (147.0-743.0) | .012 |
| hs-Troponin I (ng/L), median (IQR) | 6.0 (3.5-125.0) | 7.0 (3.5-17.0) | .979 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/dl), median (IQR) | 5.55 (2.60-11.85) | 7.30 (2.90-15.10) | .73 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL), median (IQR) | 57.6 (21.6-125.0) | 48.8 (13.0-129.8) | .80 |
| Therapeutic scheme | |||
| Hydroxychloroquine, n (%) | 191 (97.0) | 19 (100) | .999 |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir, n (%) | 153 (77.7) | 12 (63.2) | .164 |
| Azithromycin, n (%) | 147 (74.6) | 14 (73.7) | .999 |
| Corticosteroids, n (%) | 47 (23.9) | 5 (26.3) | .783 |
| β-interferon, n (%) | 44 (22.3) | 2 (10.5) | .378 |
| Tocilizumab, n (%) | 63 (32.0) | 1 (5.3) | .015 |
| Anakinra, n (%) | 13 (6.6) | 1 (5.3) | .999 |
| Non-invasive ventilation, n (%) | 13 (6.6) | 2 (10.5) | .627 |
| Outcome | |||
| ICU admission, n (%) | 50 (25.4) | 1 (5.3) | .05 |
| Mechanical ventilationa, n (%) | 43 (86.0) | 1 (100) | .999 |
| Radiological worsening, n (%) | 56 (28.4) | 2 (10.5) | .093 |
| Secondary infection, n (%) | 44 (22.3) | 2 (10.5) | .378 |
| Thrombotic eventsb, n (%) | 10 (5.1) | 1 (5.3) | .999 |
| Death, n (%) | 20 (10.4) | 2 (10.5) | .999 |
| Composite severity endpoint, n (%) | 59 (29.9) | 3 (15.8) | .193 |
| Length of stay (days), median (IQR) | 12.0 (8.0-16.0) | 8.0 (6.0-14.0) | .107 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARA2, angiotensin-receptor 2 antagonists; hs, high-sensitivity; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; MDRD, modification of diet in renal disease; 25OHD, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; PTH, parathormone.
aRefers only to the number of patients admitted to ICU.
bIncluded pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis, acute coronary syndrome, and cerebrovascular disease.