TABLE 2.

Synthesis of studies investigating the associations between hair cortisol and work‐related stressors and perceived stress

	+ Higher HCC related to poorer stressor/stress outcome	0 No significant effect	‐ Higher HCC related to better stressor/stress outcome
Work‐related stressors
Effort‐reward imbalance	Herr et al 2018 48 ; Qi et al 2014 23 ; Van der Meij et al 2018 50	Gidlow et al 2016 46 ; Herr et al 2017 47	Penz et al 2019 49
Demand‐decision latitude	Hall et al 2018 54	Mclennan et al 2016 51 ; Van der Meij et al 2018 50 ; Qi 2015 52 ; Janssens et al 2017 53
Shift work	Manenschijn et al 2011 56 (<40 yr)	Manenschijn et al 2011 56 (≥40 yr)	Janssens et al 2017 53
Unemployment	Dettenborn et al 2010 57
Verbal and physical aggression	Kind et al 2018 55
Surface learning	Qi et al 2017 59
Deep learning		Qi et al 2017 59
Transformational leadership		Rowold et al 2017 58
Instrumental leadership	Rowold et al 2017 58
Perceived stress
Burn‐out	Penz et al 2018 61 (dichotomous outcome); Wang et al 2019 66 (exhaustion & depersonalization)	Mclennan et al 2016 51 (exhaustion & depersonalization); Penz et al 2018 61 (continuous outcome); Wang et al 2019 66 (personal accomplishment)	Mclennan et al 2016 51 (personal accomplishment)
Perceived stress	Faresjö et al 2014 62 ; Mayer et al 2018 60 ; O‐Brien et al 2013 64 ; Wells et al 2014 65	Gidlow et al 2016 46 ; Van Holland et al 2012 63
Need for recovery		Van Holland et al 2012 63	Qi et al 2015 52
Cognitive disorganization		Boschi et al 2017 67
Health outcomes
Depression		Mayer et al 2018 68

Longitudinal studies are highlighted in bold.