FIGURE 7.

Fenofibrate inhibits TGF-β2–induced up-regulation of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and activation of Wnt signaling in rat Müller (rMC-1) cells. rMC-1 cells were treated with 5 ng/ml TGF-β2 for 2 h and then incubated with vehicle (VEH) and 200 μM fenofibric acid (FA) for additional 24 h. Cells were divided into 4 different groups: control cells (untreated), cells treated with TGF-β2 only, cells treated with TGF-β2 and vehicle, and cells treated with TGF-β2 and FA. The protein expressions of (A,B) collagen-1 and (A,C) CTGF in the four groups were determined by Western blot analysis and quantified by densitometry. Similarly, the protein expression of (D,E) p-glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β), (D,F) GSK3β, (G,H) non–p-β-catenin, and (G,I) β-catenin in the four groups were determined by Western blot analysis and quantified by densitometry (mean ± SEM, n = 6. N.S., non-significant; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001).