Table 3. The difference between severe and non-severe patients in treatments and prognosis.
| Treatment and prognosis | Included studies | No. (events/total) | Heterogeneity* | OR | 95% CI | P valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Severe | Non-severe | ||||||
| Use of corticosteroid | 9 | 379/621 | 353/2,009 | P<0.00001; I2=92% | 5.08 | 2.16–11.98 | 0.0002 |
| Antiviral therapy | 6 | 311/455 | 869/1,706 | P=0.99; I2=0% | 1.71 | 1.35–2.18 | <0.0001 |
| Antibiotic therapy | 5 | 390/463 | 839/1,581 | P<0.0001; I2=85% | 5.56 | 2.00–15.94 | 0.001 |
| Antifungal drugs | 3 | 39/348 | 19/1,336 | P=0.07; I2=62% | 9.29 | 2.12–40.80 | 0.003 |
| Intravenous immune globulin | 5 | 229/408 | 180/1,432 | P<0.00001; I2=92% | 7.34 | 2.29–23.53 | 0.0008 |
| Traditional Chinese medicine | 2 | 48/123 | 110/292 | P=0.98; I2=0% | 1.15 | 0.59–2.25 | 0.68 |
| Mechanical ventilation | |||||||
| Invasive | 8 | 229/578 | 1/1,998 | P=0.02; I2=56% | 213.88 | 44.06–1,038.32 | <0.00001 |
| Non-invasive | 7 | 262/520 | 128/1,758 | P<0.00001 I2=83% | 57.45 | 11.61–284.38 | <0.00001 |
| ECMO | 7 | 37/538 | 0/1,903 | P=0.99; I2=0% | 32.58 | 10.61–100.02 | <0.0001 |
| CKRT | 5 | 28/313 | 3/1,209 | P=0.57; I2=0% | 14.99 | 5.60–40.14 | <0.00001 |
| Prognosis | |||||||
| Discharge | 7 | 164/537 | 871/2,054 | P<0.00001; I2=87% | 0.20 | 0.08–0.53 | 0.001 |
| Mortality | 7 | 64/490 | 8/1,959 | P=0.88; I2=0% | 25.85 | 13.12–50.94 | <0.00001 |
| Hospitalization | 7 | 310/537 | 1169/2,054 | P<0.00001; I2=93% | 2.40 | 0.62–9.27 | 0.20 |
*, heterogeneity: I2< 50%, P>0.1, suggesting that the homogeneity of each test was good, and the meta-analysis was performed using the fixed effect model (FE), while in contrast (I2>50%, P<0.1), the random effects model (RE) was used; a, P values indicate differences between severe and non-severe patients. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; CKRT, continuous kidney replacement therapy.