Table 2.
Modulation of microRNA by probiotics in pathological conditions
| MicroRNA | Probiotics | Probiotic concentrations | Expression | Target gene | Effects | Model | Sample (n) | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
miR-215-5p, miR-10b-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-26a-5p, miR-22-3p, miR-10a-5p, miR-148a-3p, miR-194, miR-92-3p, miR-30d, miR-181a-5p, miR-429-3p, let-7f-5p, miR-30a-5p, miR-133a-3p, miR-199-3p, miR-30c-5p, miR-200a-3p, miR-126-5p, miR-27b-3p |
Lactobacillus plantarum Z01 (LPZ01) | 1 × 108 CFU/mL | Down-regulation of miR-215-5p, miR-3525, miR-122-5p and up regulation of miR-193a-5p, miR-375 and miR-215-5p | cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity, stress-activated MAPK cascade, MAPK and Wnt signaling pathways. | Decrease inflammation in S. typhimurium infection in neonatal broiler chicks |
In vivo (Newly hatched chicks) |
- | [172] |
|
miR-135b, miR-155 miR-26b and miR-18a |
Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum (Bla/016P/M) | 1 × 109 CFU/g and 1 × 109 CFU/g | Up regulation of miR-135b, miR-155 and down regulation of miR-26b, miR-18a | APC, PTEN, KRAS, and PU.1 | -. | In vivo (Mice) | - | [173] |
| miR-423-5p | Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 | 3.6 × 106 CFU/g | Up regulation of miR-423-5p | Immunoglobulin lambda light C region (IGLC) and immunoglobulin kappa constant (IGKC) | - | In vivo (Landrace pigs) | - | [174] |
|
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bb-12 and L. acidophilus La-5 |
5 × 1010 CFU, 5 × 1010 CFU and 5 × 109 CFU | Human | 54 | [175] | ||||
| miR-122a | Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG | 1 × 109 CFU | Down-regulation of miR-122a | ? | Decrease ethanol-elevated miR122a levels and attenuate ethanol-induced liver injury |
In vivo (Mice) |
- | [176] |
| miR-146a | Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) (O6:K5:H1) | NA | Up-regulation of miR-146a in both EPEC and ECN | IRAK1 and TRAF6 | Reduce IL-8 as well as CXCL1 in T84 cells |
In vitro (Human epithelial and THP-1 cells) |
- | [177] |
|
miR-21, miR-92a, miR-155, miR-663 |
Lactobacillus acidophilus (La) ATCC strain 4356 |
109 – 1010 CFU/ml |
Up-regulation of miR-21 and down-regulation of miR-155 |
MiR-92a targets integrin a5, klf-2 and klf-4/ MiR-155 targets AtR1 and Ets-1/ MiR-663 targets VEGF |
Reduce apoptosis, necrosis and inflammatory | In vitro(HUVEC) | - | [178] |
|
miR-155, miR-223, miR-150, miR-375 and miR-143 |
Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 and L. salivarius CECT5713 | 5 × 108 CFU | Down-regulation of miR-155, miR-223 and miR-150 and up-regulation of miR-143 | c-Myb (miR-150) | Reduce expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β | In vivo (Mice) | - | [179] |
|
miR-203, miR-483-3p and miR-595 |
Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) | NA | Up-regulation of miR-483-3p and down-regulation of miR-203 and miR-595 |
miR-203 targets tight junction protein ZO-2/ miR-595 targets Mucin-4-precursor/ miR-483-3p targets beta-defensin 111 precursor |
Improve effects of EcN. | In vitro (T84 epithelial cells) | - | [180] |
| miR-21 and miR-200b | Leuconostoc mesenteroides | NA | Down-regulation of miRNA-21 and miRNA-200b | NF-kB inhibitory subunit (IKB) and RelA | Induce apoptosis in colon cancer cell line by up-regulation of MAPK1, Bax, and caspase 3, and down-regulation of AKT, NF-kB, Bcl-XL |
In vitro (HT-29 cells) |
- | [181] |
|
miRNA-29a miRNA-29b miRNA-29c |
A mixture of: Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 24730, Streptococcus thermophiles DSM 24731, Bifidobacterium breve DSM 24732, L. paracasei DSM 24733, L. delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus DSM 24734, L. acidophilus DSM 24735, B. longum DSM 24736, and B. infantis DSM 24737 |
1.8 × 109 CFU | Unchanged | - | -. | Human | 10 | [182] |
| miR-146a and miR-155 |
Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and L. delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus (L.del) |
NA | Up-regulation of miR-155 and down regulation of miR-146a. | - | Down-regulation of p38 while IκB expression was significantly decreased in L. del-treated DCs. |
In vitro (Human monocyte-derived dendritic cells) |
- | [183] |
|
miR-143, miR-150, miR-155, miR-223, and miR-375 |
Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) |
5 × 108 CFU | miR-150, miR-155, and miR-223 were up-regulated. miR-375 was down-regulated. | Housekeeping gene (SNORD95) | The intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of EcN were associated with altered gut microbiome in mouse experimental colitis. | In vivo (Mice) | - | [184] |
| miR-148a | Bifidobacterium bifidum MIMBb75 B. bifidum NCC390 or B. longum NCC2705 | 1 × 108 CFU |
Up-regulation after 1 and 4 hours, but not after 24 h (in vitro) Up-regulation after 2 but not 14 days (in vivo) |
EPAS1 | Reduce EPAS1 expression in Caco-2 cells and mouse cecum. | In vitro (Caco-2 cells) and In vivo (Mice) | - | [185] |
| miR-744 | Lactobacillus crispatus 2743 and L. gasseri 3396 | 5 × 107 CFU/ml | Up-regulation | ARHGAP5 | Trigger lactic acid-induced migration and invasion in SiHa cells. | In vitro (SiHa cells) | - | [186] |
| Let-7b | Encapsulated mixture of Lactobacillus plantarum, L. acidophilus -11 and Bifidobacterium longum-88 or encapsulated mixture of Enterococcus faecium and Bacillus subtilis | 2.6×1014 CFU in first mixture and 5.0×108 CFU in second mixture | Down-regulation |
HMGA2 FIGN MAPK6 ARID3B |
- | Human and In vitro (NCM460 cells) | 79 | [187] |