Table 1.

Summary of characteristics of articles included in the study.

No.	Author	Journal	Date (MM/YY)	Country	Study type	N (total population)	N HCW with COVID-19	Quality score	Reference
1	Zhan et al.	N Engl J Med	02/20	China	Cross-sectional	23	23	8	Zhan (2020)
2	Chu et al.	J Med Virol	03/20	China	Retrospective cohort	54	38	10	Chu (2020)
3	Xing et al.	Euro Surveill	03/20	China	Case series	2	2	8	Xing et al. (2020)
4	Marjolein et al.	JAMA Netw Open	03/20	Netherlands	Cross-sectional	1353	86	8	Marjolein (2020)
5	Zheng et al.	Clin Infect Dis	03/20	China	Cross-sectional	2457	2457	8	Zheng et al. (2020)
6	Li YK et al.	Curr Med Sci	03/20	China	Retrospective cohort	148	12	10	Li et al. (2020)
7	Reusken et al.	Euro Surveill	03/20	Netherlands	Cross-sectional	1097	45	10	Reusken et al. (2020)
8	Ran et al.	Clin Infect Dis	03/20	China	Retrospective cohort	72	28	11	Ran et al. (2020)
9	McMichael et al.	N Engl J Med	03/20	United States of America	Retrospective cohort	50	50	9	McMichael (2020)
10	Sun et al.	J Infect	03/20	China	Cross-sectional	32	32	7	Sun et al. (2020)
11	Burrer et al.	MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep	04/20	United States of America	Cross-sectional	8945	8495	10	Burrer (2020)
12	Wei et al.	J Microbiol Immunol Infect	04/20	China	Prospective cohort	14	12	10	Wei et al. (2020)
13	Kimball et al.	MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep	04/20	United States of America	Cross-sectional	–	1	9	Kimball et al. (2020)
14	Wang et al.	J Hosp Infect	04/20	China	Cross-sectional	80	80	8	Wang et al. (2020)
15	Schwierzeck et al.	Dtsch Arztebl Int	04/20	Germany	Cross-sectional	957	52	9	Schwierzeck et al. (2020)
16	Canova et al.	Swiss Med Wkly	04/20	Switzerland	Cross-sectional	21	0	8	Canova et al. (2020)
17	Tostmann et al.	Euro Surveill	04/20	Netherlands	Cross-sectional	803	90	9	Tostmann et al. (2020)
18	Heinzerling et al.	MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep	04/20	United States of America	Cross-sectional	43	43	8	Heinzerling et al. (2020)
19	Breazzano et al.	J Clin Invest	04/20	United States of America	Cross-sectional	264	101	9	Breazzano et al. (2020)
20	Nguyen et al.	Lancet Public Health	05/20	United States of America	Prospective cohort	99,795	1922	11	Nguyen et al. (2020b)
21	Lai et al.	JAMA Netw Open	05/20	China	Case-series	110	110	9	Lai et al. (2020)
22	Chow et al.	JAMA Netw Open	05/20	United States of America	Cross-sectional	48	48	8	Chow et al. (2020)
23	Korth et al.	J Clin Virol	05/20	Germany	Cross-sectional	316	5	9	Korth et al. (2020)
24	Felice et al.	J Community Health Res	05/20	Italy	Cross-sectional	388	18	9	Felice et al. (2020)
25	Jin et al.	Mil Med Res	05/20	China	Cross-sectional	103	84	8	Jin et al. (2020)
26	Cabas et al.	Res Social Adm Pharm	05/20	Italy	Cross-sectional	1632	15	9	Cabas et al. (2021)
27	Chen et al.	J Infect	05/20	China	Prospective cohort	105	18	11	Chen et al. (2020)
28	Garzaro et al.	Med Lav	05/20	Italy	Cross-sectional	830	80	9	Garzaro et al. (2020)
29	Guo et al.	J Bone Joint Surg Am	05/20	China	Cross-sectional	24	24	10	Guo et al. (2020)
30	Rivera-Izquierdo et al.	Int J Environ Res Public Health	06/20	Spain	Prospective cohort	76	76	11	Rivera-Izquierdo et al. (2020)