Table 3.
Independent predictors of AKI development from multivariable logistic regression analysis
| Variables | Crude RRR (95% CI)a |
Adjusted RRR (95% CI) modelb |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AKI-early | AKI-late | AKI-early | AKI-late | |
| Age (years) | 1.024 (0.996–1.050) | 1.06 (1.04–1.07) | 1.023 (0.996–1.050) | 1.05 (1.04–1.07) |
| Sex (Ref = female) | 0.84 (0.44–1.61) | 0.89 (0.58–1.36) | 0.85 (0.45–1.61) | 0.90 (0.59–1.37) |
| Comorbidity | ||||
| Hypertension | 2.37 (1.17–4.80) | 1.591 (0.997–2.543) | 2.29 (1.12–4.67) | 1.54 (0.96–2.47) |
| Diabetes | 1.26 (0.58–2.73) | 1.43 (0.82–2.47) | 1.25 (0.58–2.72) | 1.41 (0.82–2.45) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 0.92 (0.37–2.28) | 1.29 (0.69–2.43) | 0.92 (0.37–2.26) | 1.29 (0.69–2.42) |
| CKD | 2.96 (0.82–10.63) | 4.40 (1.74–11.68) | 2.85 (0.79–10.27) | 4.21 (1.67–10.64) |
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) | 0.987 (0.974–1.001) | 1.001 (0.980–1.022) | 0.988 (0.975–1.001) |
| ACEI/ARB use history | 2.62 (0.72–9.58) | 0.92 (0.24–3.52) | 2.05 (0.49–8.62) | 0.74 (0.18–2.99) |
| Biomarkers of inflammation | ||||
| hs-CRP ≥10 mg/L | 2.95 (0.93–9.37) | 7.77 (2.71–22.30) | 2.98 (0.93–9.51) | 7.81 (2.72–22.44) |
| IL-6 ≥7 pg/mL | 1.99 (0.91–4.37) | 1.59 (0.91–2.81) | 1.98 (0.90–4.34) | 1.60 (0.91–2.81) |
| Ferritin ≥300 ng/mL | 0.98 (0.37–2.59) | 4.50 (1.94–10.44) | 0.99 (0.37–2.64) | 4.59 (1.97–10.68) |
a
Reference group comprised non-AKI group (RRR = 1.00).
b
Model adjusted for the use of other baseline antihypertensive medications (i.e. CCBs, beta-blockers and thiazide diuretics).