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. 2020 Dec 3;223(5):785–795. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa753

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–infected human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) produce multiple cytokines/chemokines. MDMs (A) or MDDCs (B) were exposed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) or SARS-CoV-2 (with or without convalescent plasma treatment), or ultraviolet-inactivated SARS-CoV-2. RNA was extracted at the indicated time points postinfection. Cytokine/chemokine levels were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction as described in the Materials and Methods. Data are shown as mean ± standard error of the mean and are representative of 3 independent experiments (n = 4–6). *Difference between the SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV groups (P < .05). Abbreviations: CP, convalescent plasma; HPRT, hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; MDDC, monocyte-derived dendritic cell; MDM, monocyte-derived macrophage; SARS-CoV, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; UV, ultraviolet.