Figure 3. An ATP‐induced enteric gliosis in postoperative bowel inflammation.

• A
  ATP measurement at the indicated postoperative time points in peritoneal lavages of mice that underwent intestinal manipulation (IM) or were naïve.
• B
  PCA plot of gene expression from POI mice at different disease stages and naïve mice; n = 3 for each group.
• C
  Visual representation of P‐value (−log₁₀) against fold enrichment of GO terms associated with enriched genes in mice that underwent IM.
• D
  Heat map of enriched genes connected with GO term gliosis in mice that underwent IM or in naïve animals.
• E
  Venn diagram of gliosis genes expressed in vitro and in vivo.
• F–H
  qPCR analysis of indicated gliosis marker in mice that underwent IM (n = 7).
• I
  Histological analysis of EGC proliferation in vivo. Representative confocal images and quantification show Sox10 (green)‐ and Ki67 (violet)‐positive EGCs (white arrows) in the small bowel muscularis externa at naïve, IM6h and 24 h. Scale bar 50 µm.
• J
  Experimental setup for glia‐specific RNA analysis. GFAP‐cre⁺ × Ai14‐floxed mice underwent IM, and small intestine ME was digested and sorted for tdTomato by FACS to provide glia‐specific RNA for qPCR measurements seen in (K‐M).
• K–M
  qPCR analysis of indicated gliosis markers in td + glia cells from naïve mice and mice that underwent IM (n = 5–7, POI mice).

Data information: In (A), data are represented as mean + SEM; n = 7–12, POI mice. In (F–H and K–M), data are represented as fold induction + SEM. In (I), data are represented as mean of double‐positive cells per total Sox10‐positive cells + SEM; 9–20 whole mount specimens per conditions; n = 8, POI mice per group. Statistics were performed by applying unpaired Student's t‐test (A, C, F–I, K–M). In (C), the Fisher's exact test was performed. * indicates significance to naïve animals, and ^# indicates significance to the indicated time point with */^# P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***/^### P < 0.001.