Table 1.
Baseline and follow-up characteristics of perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV), perinatally HIV-exposed but uninfected (PHEU) and HIV-unexposed uninfected (HUU) children.
| Characteristic | PHIV, N = 236 | PHEU, N = 98 | HUU, N = 114 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at PREDICT study entry (years) | 6.3 (4–8.4) | 7.5 (5.9–10) | 7.8 (6.4–10) | <0.001 |
| Age at first CBCL assessment (years) | 7.3 (6.4–9.4) | 7.8 (6.7–10.5) | 8 (7–10.3) | <0.001 |
| Female sex | 140 (59.3) | 57 (58.2) | 68 (59.7) | 0.97 |
| Median (IQR) age at first CBCL assessment | 7 (6–9) | 7 (6–10) | 8 (7–10) | 0.004 |
| Enrolled in school at first CBCL assessment | 190 (80.5) | 98 (100) | 113 (99.1) | <0.001 |
| Caregiver respondent on CBCL at first visit | <0.001 | |||
| Parent | 176 (74.6) | 94 (95.9) | 95 (83.3) | |
| Grandparent | 30 (12.7) | 1 (1) | 7 (6.1) | |
| Others | 30 (12.7) | 3 (3.1) | 12 (10.5) | |
| Consistent respondent | 205 (86.9) | 91 (92.9) | 104 (91.2) | 0.20 |
| Household income (mode) | <0.001 | |||
| ≤Average income | 133 (56.4) | 44 (44.9) | 34 (29.8) | |
| >Average income | 102 (43.2) | 47 (48) | 67 (58.8) | |
| Unknown | 1 (0.4) | 7 (7.1) | 13 (11.4) | |
| Highest educational attainment of primary caregiver | <0.001 | |||
| None/elementary | 140 (59.3) | 56 (57.1) | 34 (29.8) | |
| High school diploma | 92 (39) | 34 (34.7) | 50 (43.9) | |
| College/university | 3 (1.3) | 0 (0) | 5 (4.4) | |
| Unknown | 1 (0.4) | 8 (8.2) | 25 (21.9) | |
| Thai nationality | 126 (53.4) | 53 (54.1) | 63 (55.3) | 0.95 |
| Mean (SD) Internalizing T-score at first assessment | 55 (8.9) | 51.2 (9.1) | 52.1 (9.4) | 0.001 |
| Mean (SD) Externalizing T-score at first assessment | 55.2 (7.4) | 52.4 (7.9) | 51 (8.2) | <0.001 |
| Mean (SD) Total T-score at first assessment | 54.3 (8.1) | 50.6 (9.1) | 49.8 (9.3) | <0.001 |
| Median (IQR) PSI at first CBCL assessment (N = 235) | 81 (68–89) | 90 (81–100) | 94 (84–103) | <0.001 |
| Median (IQR) POI at first CBCL assessment | 80 (66–87) | 87 (80.5–96) | 93.5 (83–104) | <0.001 |
| Years from first to last assessment | 4 (3–5) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | <0.001 |
| Median (IQR) number of evaluations in analysis | 5 (3–6) | 3 (2–3) | 3 (2–3) | <0.001 |
| HIV-specific characteristics | ||||
| Study entry | ||||
| N (%) HIV clinical staging | ||||
| CDC category N | 1 (0.4) | |||
| CDC category A | 157 (66.5) | |||
| CDC category B | 78 (33.1) | |||
| Median CD4+% | 20 (17.9–23.7) | |||
| Median CD4+ cell count | 649 (452–899) | |||
| Median log10 viral load (copies/ml) | 4.80 (4.40–5.00) | |||
| During follow-up | ||||
| N (%) who initiate ART | 204 (86.4) | |||
| Median CD4+% at ART initiation | 17 (13.8–21) | |||
| Median CD4+ cell count at ART initiation | 453 (307–697) | |||
| Median viral load at ART initiation | 4.80 (3.60–5.00) | |||
| Median duration of ART (years) | 5.4 (3.0–6.2) | |||
| Median CD4+% at the last visit | 29 (21.4–33.2) | |||
| Median CD4+ cell count at the last visit | 676 (473–915) | |||
| Median (IQR) log10 viral load at the last visit (copies/ml) | 40 (40–50) | |||
| N (%) viral load <50 copies/ml at the last visit | 170 (76) |
Characteristics are N (%) unless otherwise indicated. Values are median (IQR) or number (percentage) unless otherwise indicated. ART, antiretroviral therapy; CBCL, Child Behavior Checklist; CD4+%, CD4+-positive T-lymphocyte percentage; CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; HUU, HIV unexposed, uninfected; IQR, interquartile range; PHEU, perinatally HIV-exposed but uninfected; PHIV, perinatally acquired HIV; POI, Wechsler Perceptual Organization Index; PREDICT, Pediatric Randomized Early versus Deferred Initiation in Cambodia and Thailand; PSI, Wechsler Processing Speed Index.