Table 4. Time management and performance in professional settings.
| Variable | k | N | r | 95% CI | Q(df) | τ2 | τ2(SE) | I2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Performance (overall) | 21 | 3,990 | 0.259*** | 0.197–0.318 | 77.32 (20) | 0.016 | 0.007 | 74.13 |
| Results-based performance (overall) | 13 | 2,532 | 0.221*** | 0.144–0.295 | 44.19 (12) | 0.015 | 0.009 | 72.84 |
| Behavior-based performance (overall) | 13 | 2,474 | 0.297*** | 0.225–0.365 | 40.56 (12) | 0.013 | 0.008 | 70.41 |
| Creativity | 1 | 213 | 0.460*** | 0.347–0.560 | - | - | - | - |
| Helping behavior | 1 | 254 | 0.160* | 0.038–0.278 | - | - | - | - |
| Job involvement | 4 | 617 | 0.207*** | 0.129–0.282 | 2.99 (3) | 0 | 0.006 | 0 |
| Procrastination (reverse coded) | 2 | 198 | 0.374** | 0.166–0.550 | 1.61 (1) | 0.012 | 0.046 | 37.92 |
| Motivation | 4 | 711 | 0.352*** | 0.226–0.467 | 10.12 (3) | 0.014 | 0.016 | 70.37 |
| Proactiveness | 3 | 813 | 0.267*** | 0.121–0.401 | 8.81 (2) | 0.014 | 0.018 | 77.30 |
* p < .05
** p < .01
*** p < .001.
k = number of studies related to the variable | N = total sample size related to the variable.
r = effect size of the correlation between time management and the variable | 95% CI = confidence interval of the effect size.
Q = Cochran’s Q, a measure of between-study heterogeneity | τ2 = measure of between-study variance | I2 = alternative measure of between-study heterogeneity.