Table 4. Twin pregnancy associated with neonatal and maternal outcomes by order of birth.
| All twins (n = 554) | Singletons (n = 23,746) | All twins (vs. Single) | Twin A (n = 277) | Twin B (n = 277) | Twin B (vs. Twin A) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | adj. OR* (95%CI) | n (%) | n (%) | OR**(95%CI) | |
| Birth weight | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 2240g (573g) | 3156g (573g) | NA | 2249g (558g) | 2193g (546g) | NA |
| Low birth weight (< 2500 g) | 353 (63.7) | 2116 (8.9) | 6.7 (4.6–9.9) | 176 (63.5) | 195 (70.4) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) |
| SGA | 202 (36.5) | 1822 (7.7) | 7.3 (4.7–11.2) | 103 (37.2) | 99 (35.7) | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) |
| IUGR | 103 (18.6) | 746 (3.1) | 3.3 (1.9–5.8) | 51 (18.4) | 52 (18.8) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) |
| Neonatal and maternal outcomes | ||||||
| Resuscitation | 83 (15.0) | 1769 (7.4) | 0.7 (0.4–1.4) | 35 (12.6) | 48 (17.3) | 1.5 (0.9–2.3) |
| Oxygen therapy | 161 (29.1) | 1538 (6.5) | 2.4 (1.0–5.5) | 72 (26.0) | 89 (32.1) | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) |
| Antibiotic use | 124 (22.4) | 1184 (5.0) | 1.6 (1.0–2.6) | 50 (18.1) | 74 (26.7) | 1.7 (1.3–2.1) |
| Neonatal ICU admission | 172 (31.0) | 1497 (6.3) | 3.8 (1.6–8.7) | 78 (28.2) | 94 (33.9) | 1.3 (0.9–2.1) |
| Transient tachypnea | 82 (14.8) | 773 (3.3) | 1.8 (1.1–2.9) | 36 (13.0) | 46 (16.6) | 1.3 (0.9–1.9) |
| Hypoglycemia | 33 (6.2) | 284 (1.2) | 1.4 (0.6–3.2) | 13 (4.7) | 20 (7.2) | 1.6 (0.7–3.6) |
| Phototherapy (jaundice) | 151 (27.3) | 1080 (4.5) | 3.4 (2.4–4.7) | 58 (20.9) | 93 (33.6) | 2.0 (1.5–2.6) |
| Stillbirth | 6 (1.1) | 263 (1.1) | 1.0 (0.99–1.01) | 3 (1.1) | 3 (1.1) | 1.0 (0.98–1.02) |
| Neonatal death | 27 (4.9) | 241 (1.0) | 4.6 (2.4–8.3) | 15 (5.4) | 12 (4.3) | 0.8 (0.48–1.16) |
| Severe Neonatal Outcome Index a | 247 (44.6) | 2852 (12.0) | 2.1 (1.4–3.3) | 117 (51.5) | 130 (57.3) | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) |
| Severe Maternal Outcome Indexb | 8 (1.4) | 264 (1.1) | 0.3 (0.1–1.2) | NA | NA | NA |
* Adjusted for region, type of payment for birth (public or private), mother's age, years of schooling and gestational age at birth in weeks' gestation.
** There was no need for adjustment, since twins are from the same mother.
a Neonatal nearmisses, stillbitths or neonatal deaths.
b Maternal nearmisses (268 women) or maternal deaths (4 women).
NA: Logistic Regression not applicable.