Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the 14,312 patients with isolated blunt solid organ injuries, by quartile of hospital-level ICU use.
| Patient characteristic | Hospital-level proportion of patients with isolated blunt solid organ injuries admitted to an ICU | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | |||
| 0–27% | 27–44% | 44–59% | 59–95% | |||
| n = 3788 | n = 3613 | n = 3595 | n = 3316 | P value | ||
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 41 ± 19 | 42 ± 19 | 41 ± 19 | 42 ± 19 | 0.04 | |
| Male sex, n (%) | 2346 (61.9) | 2191 (60.6) | 2175 (60.5) | 2073 (62.5) | 0.23 | |
| Mechanism, n (%) | ||||||
| Fall | 944 (24.9) | 878 (24.3) | 793 (22.1) | 767 (23.1) | 0.09 | |
| Transportation | 2429 (64.1) | 2342 (64.8) | 2419 (67.3) | 2161 (65.2) | ||
| Other or unspecified | 415 (10.9) | 393 (10.9) | 383 (10.6) | 388 (11.7) | ||
| Arrival as a transfer, n (%) | 1456 (38.4) | 1300 (36.0) | 1270 (35.3) | 1145 (34.5) | 0.004 | |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||||
| Current smoker | 1060 (28.0) | 899 (24.9) | 987 (27.4) | 872 (26.3) | 0.014 | |
| Hypertension | 772 (20.4) | 755 (20.9) | 710 (19.8) | 697 (21.0) | 0.54 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 366 (9.7) | 330 (9.1) | 311 (8.6) | 296 (8.9) | 0.48 | |
| Drug use disorder | 397 (10.5) | 329 (9.1) | 346 (9.6) | 367 (11.1) | 0.031 | |
| Bleeding disorder | 174 (4.6) | 172 (4.8) | 151 (4.2) | 151 (4.6) | 0.71 | |
| Other comorbidity | 1299 (34.3) | 1330 (36.8) | 1196 (33.3) | 1159 (35.0) | 0.014 | |
| ISS, mean ± SD | 9 ± 4 | 9 ± 4 | 9 ± 4 | 10 ± 5 | 0.074 | |
| Kidney injury, n (%) | 861 (22.7) | 922 (25.5) | 896 (24.9) | 820 (24.7) | 0.031 | |
| Liver injury, n (%) | 1306 (34.5) | 1265 (35.0) | 1295 (36.0) | 1184 (35.7) | 0.51 | |
| Spleen injury, n (%) | 1970 (52.0) | 1794 (49.6) | 1766 (49.1) | 1695 (51.1) | 0.053 | |
| Multiple solid organs injured, n (%) | 335 (8.8) | 347 (9.6) | 339 (9.4) | 363 (10.9) | 0.072 | |
| SOI AIS score, n (%) | ||||||
| 2 | 2394 (63.2) | 2252 (62.3) | 2173 (60.4) | 1864 (56.2) | <0.001 | |
| 3 | 931 (24.6) | 969 (26.8) | 958 (26.6) | 913 (27.5) | ||
| 4 | 458 (12.1) | 360 (10.0) | 390 (10.8) | 412 (12.4) | ||
| Not specified | 5 (0.1) | 32 (0.9) | 74 (2.1) | 127 (3.8) | ||
| Other minor injury (AIS ≤2) | ||||||
| Head | 738 (19.5) | 791 (21.9) | 784 (21.8) | 653 (19.7) | 0.010 | |
| Face | 847 (22.4) | 826 (22.9) | 804 (22.4) | 737 (22.2) | 0.92 | |
| Thorax | 1363 (36.0) | 1213 (33.6) | 1228 (34.2) | 1080 (32.6) | 0.020 | |
| Spine | 609 (16.1) | 553 (15.3) | 498 (13.8) | 488 (14.7) | 0.054 | |
| Upper Extremity | 1091 (28.8) | 1016 (28.1) | 1060 (29.5) | 940 (28.4) | 0.59 | |
| Lower Extremity | 1161 (30.6) | 1101 (30.5) | 1099 (30.6) | 1000 (30.2) | 0.97 | |
| Heart rate (beats per minute), n (%) | ||||||
| <50 | 13 (0.3) | 15 (0.4) | 14 (0.4) | 13 (0.4) | 0.16 | |
| 50–99 | 2790 (73.6) | 2627 (72.7) | 2584 (71.9) | 2410 (72.7) | ||
| ≥100 | 941 (24.8) | 931 (25.8) | 962 (26.8) | 836 (25.2) | ||
| Not recorded | 44 (1.2) | 40 (1.1) | 35 (1.0) | 57 (1.7) | ||
| Respiratory rate (breaths per minute), n (%) | ||||||
| <12 | 43 (1.1) | 38 (1.0) | 38 (1.1) | 40 (1.2) | 0.71 | |
| 12–24 | 3428 (90.5) | 3313 (91.7) | 3289 (91.5) | 3029 (91.3) | ||
| ≥25 | 244 (6.4) | 196 (5.4) | 209 (5.8) | 197 (5.9) | ||
| Not recorded | 73 (1.9) | 66 (1.8) | 59 (1.6) | 50 (1.5) | ||
| Supplemental oxygen, n (%) | 581 (15.3) | 430 (11.9) | 495 (13.8) | 573 (17.3) | <0.001 | |
| Early transfusion,a n (%) | 24 (0.6) | 37 (1.0) | 25 (0.7) | 26 (0.8) | 0.25 | |
| Early angioembolization,a n (%) | 50 (1.3) | 38 (1.0) | 24 (0.7) | 31 (0.9) | 0.043 | |
Abbreviations: ICU, intensive care unit; ISS, Injury Severity Score; SOI, solid organ injury; AIS, Abbreviated Injury Scale
a
Occurring <6 hours after presentation