Table 3.
Associations between hospital-level ICU use (modeled as quartiles) and outcomes.a
| Outcome | Quartile 1 n = 3788 |
Quartile 2 n = 3613 |
Quartile 3 n = 3595 |
Quartile 4 n = 3316 |
P-valueb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Composite, n (%) | 43 (1.1) | 52 (1.4) | 36 (1.0) | 49 (1.5) | NA |
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Reference | 1.27 (0.85–1.90) | 0.88 (0.57–1.35) | 1.31 (0.67–2.54) | 0.34 |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Reference | 1.31 (0.88–1.95) | 0.81 (0.52–1.26) | 0.94 (0.62–1.43) | 0.20 |
| Death, n (%) | 24 (0.6) | 21 (0.6) | 13 (0.4) | 18 (0.5) | NA |
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Reference | 0.92 (0.48–1.74) | 0.57 (0.29–1.11) | 0.86 (0.29–1.59) | 0.40 |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Reference | 0.96 (0.52–1.80) | 0.50 (0.25–1.00)c | 0.71 (0.39–1.30) | 0.21 |
| Organ failure, n (%) | 20 (0.5) | 27 (0.8) | 22 (0.6) | 28 (0.8) | NA |
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Reference | 1.42 (0.78–2.57) | 1.16 (0.61–2.20) | 1.60 (0.62–4.12) | 0.62 |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Reference | 1.46 (0.79–2.71) | 1.06 (0.54–2.07) | 1.07 (0.60–1.93) | 0.60 |
| Infection, n (%) | 13 (0.3) | 18 (0.5) | 8 (0.2) | 14 (0.4) | NA |
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Reference | 1.45 (0.72–2.94) | 0.65 (0.26–1.64) | 1.23 (0.53–2.84) | 0.27 |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Reference | 1.44 (0.70–2.93) | 0.62 (0.24–1.59) | 0.98 (0.43–2.22) | 0.24 |
| Unplanned ICU transfer, n (%) | 30 (0.8) | 39 (1.1) | 52 (1.4) | 43 (1.3) | NA |
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Reference | 1.37 (0.80–2.35) | 1.84 (1.11–3.03) | 1.64 (0.95–2.85) | 0.10 |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Reference | 1.46 (0.84–2.54) | 1.83 (1.14–2.93) | 1.64 (0.93–2.88) | 0.091 |
| Delayed transfusion,d n (%) | 185 (4.9) | 156 (4.3) | 163 (4.5) | 183 (5.5) | NA |
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Reference | 0.88 (0.60–1.29) | 0.92 (0.64–1.35) | 1.14 (0.78–1.66) | 0.41 |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Reference | 0.90 (0.62–1.33) | 0.94 (0.65–1.37) | 1.10 (0.75–1.61) | 0.67 |
| Delayed angioembolization,d n (%) | 171 (4.5) | 117 (3.2) | 125 (3.5) | 151 (4.6) | NA |
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Reference | 0.71 (0.51–0.98) | 0.76 (0.54–1.08) | 1.01 (0.73–1.39) | 0.082 |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Reference | 0.72 (0.52–1.01) | 0.76 (0.54–1.08) | 0.97 (0.70–1.34) | 0.14 |
| Delayed operation,d n (%) | 62 (1.6) | 75 (2.1) | 68 (1.9) | 85 (2.6) | NA |
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Reference | 1.27 (0.85–1.90) | 1.16 (0.79–1.69) | 1.58 (1.11–2.26) | 0.068 |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Reference | 1.35 (0.91–1.99) | 1.17 (0.80–1.72) | 1.48 (1.03–2.12) | 0.16 |
Abbreviations: ICU, intensive care unit; NA, not applicable
a
The adjusted models include the abdominal Abbreviated Injury Scale score and baseline use of supplemental oxygen as confounders.
b
P-value for the null hypothesis that the coefficients of all of the indicator variables representing quartiles of ICU use are 0 (“chunk” test)
c
The 95% confidence interval contains 1, but the boundary is depicted as 1.00 due to rounding.
d
Occurring ≥6 hours after presentation (see Methods portion of Supplemental Digital Content 1 for definitions of transfusion, angioembolization, and operation)