Table 1.

Setting	Agent	Study	Outcome/Conclusion	Reference
Preclinical	Lenalidomide	Cell lines/xenograft models	Lenalidomide augments CAR-T function	[66]
Preclinical	Radiation therapy	Cell lines (leukemia)	Radiation sensitizes cell lines to CAR-T-mediated death	[69]
Preclinical	Radiation therapy	Cell lines (solid tumor)	Radiation enhances CAR-T penetration and expansion	[67,70]
Pre-CAR-T	Radiation therapy	Retrospective	Pre-CAR-T radiation is safe and led to effective local disease control	[68]
Pre-CAR-T	Ibrutinib	Retrospective	Ibrutinib before CAR-T therapy in CLL may improve function	[65]
Upfront	Atezolizumab (PD-L1)	Phase 1	Combination atezolizumab + axi-cel is safe, higher level of expansion	[64]
Progressive disease	Pembrolizumab (PD-1)	Case report	Disease regression	[60]
Progressive disease	Nivolumab (PD-1)	Case report	Re-expansion of CAR-T product, disease regression, CRS/CRES	[61]
Progressive disease	Pembrolizumab (PD-1)	Prospective study	Combination pembrolizumab + CART19 in R//R led to responses in 3 of 11 patients. 1CR, 2 PRs.	[62]

CRS, cytokine release syndrome; CRES, XXX.